Dynamics of Litter Pollution on Israeli Mediterranean Beaches: a Budgetary, Litter Flux Approach
Dynamics of Litter Pollution on Israeli Mediterranean Beaches: a Budgetary, Litter Flux Approach
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以色列地中海海滩垃圾污染动态：预算垃圾通量方法
DOI：
10.1029/jc077i018p03232
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发表时间：
1998
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
A. Golik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
D. Bowman;N. Manor;A. Golik
在以色列海滩上跟踪海岸垃圾的动态行为。随后，研究了海岸地貌对凋落物动态的影响。选取了6个不同形态的原型采样海滩。在每个海滩上，在50米的海滩前沿范围内，记录所有垃圾的位置、数量、组成和性质。条凋落物浓度划定和他们的运动被映射沿着海岸正常的横断面。所有物品都在原地贴上标签，每个海滩都用不同的颜色标记。这些取样程序能够确定被掩埋垃圾的流入、流出、转移、储存和重新出现。我们还计算了每个站点的垃圾预算，追踪了海滩的垃圾移动，并计算了停留时间和周转期。在整个研究期间，所有海滩的垃圾面积不到1%。最宽阔的海滩上垃圾最多。特定的海滩形态，如山脊和隧道，使后滨成为有效的陷阱的凋落物。结果表明，海滩越窄，其凋落物通量越大。西北部桑迪海滩的动态范围最大。垃圾被分散和组织在不同的条带。它们的模式反映了特定的海滩沉积动力学。以色列地中海沿岸是同质的，在其高流动性的垃圾，显示了类似的输入和输出的垃圾项目和几乎平衡的预算垃圾在每个研究网站。周转时间，即，更换每个海滩的垃圾所需的时间，只有数月，不足半年。这种高流动性的垃圾意味着穷人的持久性和良好的自我清洁能力。数据表明，以色列海滩基本上是垃圾的转移路线，垃圾沿着迁移，最后似乎绕过了海滩。
The dynamic behavior of coastal litter is followed on Israeli beaches. Subsequently, the impact of the coastal geomorphology on litter dynamics is examined. Six prototype sampling beaches of different morphology were selected. The position, number, composition and nature of all the litter pieces, within a 50 m beach front, were recorded on each beach. Strips of litter concentration were demarcated and their movement was mapped along shore-normal transects. All items were tagged in situ, each beach strip by a different color. These sampling procedures enabled to define inflow, outflow, transfer, storage and reemergence of buried litter. We also calculated the litter budget at each site, traced litter movement through the beach and calculated the residence time and the turnover period. The littered area in all beaches, over the entire study period, was less than one percent. The widest beaches were the most littered. Specific beach morphology, as ridge and runnel, made the backshore an efficient trap for the litter. The results show that the narrower the beach the higher its litter flux. The narrowest sandy beach showed the highest range of dynamics. The litter is spread and organized in distinct strips. Their pattern reflects the specific beach depositional dynamics. The Israeli Mediterranean coast is homogeneous in its high mobility of litter, shown by a similar input and output of litter items and by the almost balanced budget of litter on each studied site. Turnover time, i.e., the time needed to replace the total litter on each beach, is only a few months long and less than half a year. This high mobility of the litter means poor persistence and a good self-cleaning capacity. The data suggests that the Israeli beaches are essentially a transfer route for the litter, which migrates along and finally seems to bypass them.