Response to commentaries on 0.05 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit.
Response to commentaries on 0.05 blood alcohol concentration (BAC) limit.
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对 0.05 血液酒精浓度 (BAC) 限制评论的回应。
DOI：
10.1111/add.12511
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发表时间：
2014
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Voas,RobertB
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Fell,JamesC;Voas,RobertB
我们感谢我们的文件上的三个评论，记录了将驾驶酒精限制从0.08降低到0.05血液酒精浓度（BAC）的有效性。我们的目的是激发辩论，从收到的深思熟虑的评论来看，我们似乎取得了成功。我们感谢Sheehan博士[1]的评论，她总体上支持美国需要0.05的法律，因为她是一个自1991年以来在澳大利亚所有州都有这样的法律的国家的研究人员。我们也认识到Talpins先生和Hurley先生的评论的重要性[2，3]，他们都是强烈的安全倡导者，曾在母亲反对酒后驾车（MADD）中担任高级职位。他们都提出了0.05定律的反对者所表达的典型论点，即与0.05-0.07范围内的BAC相关的风险水平是适度的。当0.05 BAC与0.15及以上的风险水平相比时，这当然是正确的。然而，在这一论点中丢失的是，降低在美国和国外驾驶的BAC限制通常会影响这些高BAC司机，就像低BAC司机一样[4-7]。这也是我们推荐0.05 BAC限值的原因之一，因为它已被证明可以减少高BAC（> 0.15）司机在致命车祸中的频率，并对酒后驾驶起到一般的威慑作用。降低血液酒精含量限值向公众传递了一个信息，即法律越来越严格，执法力度越来越大，因此，在所有血液酒精含量水平上，与酒精有关的撞车事故频率都有所降低。塔尔平斯还表示，将限值降至0.05将大幅增加逮捕人数，并使执法资源紧张。然而，在20世纪90年代和2003年，当各州将限制从0.10降低到0.08时，醉酒驾驶（DWI）逮捕率并没有显著增加[8]。将BAC限值降低至0.05可降低道路上因酒精受损的驾驶员比例，无论他们是0.05，0.08，0.10还是0.15或更大[5，6]。
We appreciate the three commentaries on our paper documenting the effectiveness of lowering the alcohol limit for driving from 0.08 to 0.05 blood alcohol concentration (BAC). Our purpose was to stimulate debate and, from the thoughtful commentaries received, we appear to have been successful. We thank Dr Sheehan [1] for her comments generally supporting the need for a 0.05 law in the United States, given that she is a researcher from a country that has had such a law in place in all Australian states since 1991. We also recognize the importance of the comments of Mr Talpins and Mr Hurley [2, 3], both strong safety advocates who have held senior positions with Mothers Against Drunk Driving (MADD). They both raised the typical argument expressed by opponents of the 0.05 law that the risk levels associated with BACs in the 0.05–0.07 range are modest. This is certainly true when 0.05 BAC is compared to risk levels at 0.15 and above. However, what is lost in this argument is that lowering the BAC limit for driving in the United States and abroad has typically affected these high BAC drivers just as much as drivers with low BACs [4–7]. This is one of the reasons that we are recommending the 0.05 BAC limit, because it has been proven to reduce the frequency of high BAC (> 0.15) drivers in fatal crashes and serves as a general deterrent to drinking and driving. Lowering the BAC limit sends a message to the public that the law is becoming stricter and enforcement more intensive and, thus, reduces alcohol-related crash frequencies at all BAC levels.Mr Talpins also expresses concern that lowering the limit to 0.05 would substantially increase arrests and strain enforcement resources. However, there was no significant increase in driving while intoxicated (DWI) arrests when states lowered their limits from 0.10 to 0.08 in the 1990s and up to 2003 [8]. Lowering the BAC limit to 0.05 reduces the proportion of drivers on the roads who are impaired by alcohol, whether they are at 0.05, 0.08, 0.10 or 0.15 and greater [5, 6].