Foraging under Competition: The Neural Basis of Input-Matching in Humans
Foraging under Competition: The Neural Basis of Input-Matching in Humans
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DOI：
10.1523/jneurosci.2238-12.2013
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发表时间：
2013-06-05
影响因子：
5.3
通讯作者：
Dalgleish, Tim
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mobbs, Dean;Hassabis, Demis;Dalgleish, Tim
投入匹配是动物在不断变化的食物供给率和竞争的投入值的基础上，在栖息地之间进行最优分配以获得最大净收益的一种关键机制。为了研究人类神经系统中的这一规则，我们创建了一个连续输入的觅食任务，受试者必须决定在屏幕左侧和右侧的两个栖息地之间停留或切换。受试者的决定留下来或开关是基于不断变化的输入值的奖励令牌供应率和竞争密度。高密度的竞争或低奖励代币率与获胜的机会减少。因此，受试者试图通过切换到具有低竞争密度和高令牌率的栖息地来最大化他们的收益。当在一个栖息地中生活越来越不利时，我们观察到大脑区域的活动增加，这些区域是准备运动的基础，包括背侧前扣带皮层和辅助运动区，以及我们推测可能与有意识地转换栖息地的冲动有关的脑区。相反，处于有利的栖息地与奖励系统的活动有关，即纹状体和内侧前额叶皮层。此外，杏仁核和背壳核的活动引导竞争回避和追求奖励的个体间偏好。我们的研究结果表明，输入匹配的决定是作为一个网络功能的活动在一个分布式的神经系统。此外，我们推测转换行为与竞争回避和奖励驱动的个体差异有关。
Input-matching is a key mechanism by which animals optimally distribute themselves across habitats to maximize net gains based on the changing input values of food supply rate and competition. To examine the neural systems that underlie this rule in humans, we created a continuous-input foraging task where subjects had to decide to stay or switch between two habitats presented on the left and right of the screen. The subject's decision to stay or switch was based on changing input values of reward-token supply rate and competition density. High density of competition or low-reward token rate was associated with decreased chance of winning. Therefore, subjects attempted to maximize their gains by switching to habitats that possessed low competition density and higher token rate. When it was increasingly disadvantageous to be in a habitat, we observed increased activity in brain regions that underlie preparatory motor actions, including the dorsal anterior cingulate cortex and the supplementary motor area, as well as the insula, which we speculate may be involved in the conscious urge to switch habitats. Conversely, being in an advantageous habitat is associated with activity in the reward systems, namely the striatum and medial prefrontal cortex. Moreover, amygdala and dorsal putamen activity steered interindividual preferences in competition avoidance and pursuing reward. Our results suggest that input-matching decisions are made as a net function of activity in a distributed set of neural systems. Furthermore, we speculate that switching behaviors are related to individual differences in competition avoidance and reward drive.