The nature of explanation
The nature of explanation
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解释的本质
DOI：
10.2307/2181361
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发表时间：
1944
影响因子：
6.7
通讯作者：
Kenneth Craik
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Kenneth Craik
思想最基本的特性之一是它预测事件的能力。正如杜威和其他实用主义者所指出的那样，这赋予了它巨大的适应性和建设性意义。它使我们，因为。例如，设计具有足够安全系数的桥梁，而不是随意建造它们，等待看它们是否倒塌，并预测深奥的物理或化学过程的后果，其价值往往更多地是理论而不是实际。在所有这些情况下，思维的过程，简化为最简单的术语，如下：一个人观察到一些外部事件或过程，并得出一些“结论”或“预测”，这些结论或预测用文字或数字表达，“意味着”或指涉或描述一些外部事件或过程，如果该人的推理是正确的，这些事件或过程就会发生。在推理的过程中，他也可能利用了文字或数字。这里有三个基本过程：
One of the most fundamental properties of thought is its power of predicting events. This gives it immense adaptive and constructive significance as noted by Dewey and other pragmatists. It enables us, for. instance, to design bridges with a sufficient factor of safety instead of building them haphazard and waiting to see whether they collapse, and to predict consequences of recondite physical or chemical processes whose value may often be more theoretical than practical. In all these cases the process of thought, reduced to its simplest terms, is as follows: a man observes some external event or process and arrives at some 'conclusion' or 'prediction' expressed in words or numbers that 'mean' or refer to or describe some external event or process which comes to pass if the man's reasoning was correct. During the process of reasoning, he may also have availed himself of words or numbers. Here there are three essential processes: