Historical biogeography of early diverging termite lineages (Isoptera: Teletisoptera)
Historical biogeography of early diverging termite lineages (Isoptera: Teletisoptera)
复制标题
DOI：
10.1101/2021.12.02.471008
复制
发表时间：
2021-12
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Menglin Wang;S. Hellemans;J. Šobotník;J. Arora;A. Buček;D. Sillam-Dussès;C. Clitheroe;Tomer Lu
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Menglin Wang;S. Hellemans;J. Šobotník;J. Arora;A. Buček;D. Sillam-Dussès;C. Clitheroe;Tomer Lu
白蚁是分布在暖温带和热带生态系统中的群居蟑螂。现代白蚁（冠-等翅目）的祖先出现在白垩纪早期，大约1.4亿年前，这表明大陆漂移和海外扩散可能形成了早期白蚁谱系分化的分布。利用27份样本的核rRNA基因和线粒体基因组，重建了早期分化的三个白蚁科——狐白蚁科、Hodotermitidae和Archotermopsidae的历史生物地理。我们的分析证实了狐白蚁科+狐白蚁科+狐白蚁科（远翅目）的单系性，狐白蚁科从单系狐白蚁科+狐白蚁科分化出约100.3 Ma (94.3-110.4 Ma, 95% HPD)，狐白蚁科从副系狐白蚁科分化为单系狐白蚁科。在古北大陆与北美大陆之间的陆地联系停止之前，东方大teropsis与新北极Zootermopsis分化了50.8 Ma （40.7-61.4 Ma, 95% HPD）。非洲Hodotermes + Microhodotermes从Anacanthotermes（一个发现于非洲和亚洲的属）分化而来，时间为32.1 Ma (24.8-39.9 Ma, 95% HPD)， Anacanthotermes最近的共同祖先生活在10.7 Ma (7.3-14.3 Ma, 95% HPD)，表明Anacanthotermes通过连接非洲和欧亚大陆的陆桥传播到亚洲~ 18-20 Ma。相比之下，现代孔terme和石terme的共同祖先分别生活在20.2 Ma （15.7 ~ 25.1 Ma, 95% HPD）和26.6 Ma (18.3 ~ 35.6 Ma, 95% HPD)，表明这些属在南美洲、非洲和澳大利亚的存在经历了水上扩散。我们的研究结果表明，早期分化的白蚁谱系通过水上传播和陆桥传播的组合获得了它们现在的分布。通过解决竹蕨科的分类学问题，将该科限定为竹蕨科和Zootermopsis科，将Hodotermopsinae （Hodotermopsis）提升为Hodotermopsidae （status novum）来明确分类。
Termites are social cockroaches distributed throughout warm temperate and tropical ecosystems. The ancestor of modern termites (crown-Isoptera) occurred during the earliest Cretaceous, approximately 140 million years ago, suggesting that both vicariance through continental drift and overseas dispersal may have shaped the distribution of early diverging termite lineages. We reconstruct the historical biogeography of three early diverging termite families – Stolotermitidae, Hodotermitidae, and Archotermopsidae – using the nuclear rRNA genes and mitochondrial genomes of 27 samples. Our analyses confirmed the monophyly of Stolotermitidae + Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae (clade Teletisoptera), with Stolotermitidae diverging from a monophyletic Hodotermitidae + Archotermopsidae approximately 100.3 Ma (94.3–110.4 Ma, 95% HPD), and with Archotermopsidae paraphyletic to a monophyletic Hodotermitidae. The Oriental Archotermopsis and the Nearctic Zootermopsis diverged 50.8 Ma (40.7–61.4 Ma, 95% HPD) before land connections between the Palearctic region and North America ceased to exist. The African Hodotermes + Microhodotermes diverged from Anacanthotermes, a genus found in Africa and Asia, 32.1 Ma (24.8–39.9 Ma, 95% HPD), and the most recent common ancestor of Anacanthotermes lived 10.7 Ma (7.3–14.3 Ma, 95% HPD), suggesting that Anacanthotermes dispersed to Asia using the land bridge connecting Africa and Eurasia ∼18–20 Ma. In contrast, the common ancestors of modern Porotermes and Stolotermes lived 20.2 Ma (15.7–25.1 Ma, 95% HPD) and 26.6 Ma (18.3–35.6 Ma, 95% HPD), respectively, indicating that the presence of these genera in South America, Africa, and Australia involved over-water dispersals. Our results suggest that early diverging termite lineages acquired their current distribution through a combination of over-water dispersals and dispersal via land bridges. We clarify the classification by resolving the paraphyly of Archotermopsidae, restricting the family to Archotermopsis and Zootermopsis, and elevating Hodotermopsinae (Hodotermopsis) as Hodotermopsidae (status novum).