Genetic dissection of ethanol tolerance in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Genetic dissection of ethanol tolerance in the budding yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae
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芽殖酵母酿酒酵母乙醇耐受性的遗传解析
DOI：
10.1534/genetics.106.065292
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发表时间：
2007-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.3
通讯作者：
Luo, Z. W.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hu, X. H.;Wang, M. H.;Luo, Z. W.
揭示酵母糖酵母自然种群乙醇耐受性变异的遗传控制对于理解发酵的演变，物种的主要生活方式以及提高具有高乙醇耐受性的菌株的选择效率，这是一种巨大的经济价值特征，至关重要用于酿造和生物燃料行业。迄今为止，已经预计多达251个基因会影响这种特征。这些基因的候选性是由基因敲除后测试的表型效应，在乙醇应激条件下诱导的基因功能变化或诱变确定的。本文代表了用高度不同的性状表型之间在两个酵母菌菌株之间剖析乙醇耐受性遗传变异的第一种基因组学方法。我们开发了一种简单但可靠的实验方案，用于评分表型和一组均匀覆盖整个基因组的STR/SNP标记。我们创建了一个由319个跨父母菌株组成的映射种群。在数据集的基础上，我们发现公差性状具有较高的遗传力，并且添加遗传方差主导了特征的遗传变异。检测到的五个QTL的分离已经解释了与表型变异的50％相似。特别是，在酵母染色体9上映射的主要QTL占表型变化的四分之一。我们将QTL分析与预测的乙醇耐药基因的候选术相结合，发现其中只有少数候选者属于QTL区域。
Uncovering genetic control of variation in ethanol tolerance in natural populations of yeast Saccharomyces cerevisiae is essential for understanding the evolution of fermentation, the dominant lifestyle of the species, and for improving efficiency of selection for strains with high ethanol tolerance, a character of great economic value for the brewing and biofuel industries. To date, as many as 251 genes have been predicted to be involved in influencing this character. Candidacy of these genes was determined from a tested phenotypic effect following gene knockout, from an induced change in gene function under an ethanol stress condition, or by mutagenesis. This article represents the first genomics approach for dissecting genetic variation in ethanol tolerance between two yeast strains with a highly divergent trait phenotype. We developed a simple but reliable experimental protocol for scoring the phenotype and a set of STR/SNP markers evenly covering the whole genome. We created a mapping population comprising 319 segregants from crossing the parental strains. On the basis of the data sets, we find that the tolerance trait has a high heritability and that additive genetic variance dominates genetic variation of the trait. Segregation at five QTL detected has explained similar to 50% of phenotypic variation; in particular, the major QTL mapped on yeast chromosome 9 has accounted for a quarter of the phenotypic variation. We integrated the QTL analysis with the predicted candidacy of ethanol resistance genes and found that only a few of these candidates fall in the QTL regions.