Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe - 1. Objectives, set-up and evaluation strategy
Intensive monitoring of forest ecosystems in Europe - 1. Objectives, set-up and evaluation strategy
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DOI：
10.1016/s0378-1127(02)00029-4
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发表时间：
2003-02-17
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Erisman, JW
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
de Vries, W;Vel, E;Erisman, JW
为了帮助更好地了解空气污染和其他环境因素对森林生态系统的影响，1994年执行了一项泛欧森林生态系统密集和持续监测方案。该方案的成果必须有助于在欧洲范围内全面了解空气污染的影响，并进一步制定空气污染议定书中所述的控制战略。与空气污染有关的密集监测方案的目标是评估：㈠森林生态系统对空气污染变化的反应; ㈡大气沉积物的目前负荷与临界负荷（长期可持续投入）之间的差异; ㈢大气沉积物的未来设想对生态系统状况的影响。此外，密集监测方案有助于评估“可持续森林管理的标准和指标”，例如维持森林作为净碳汇，以减少大气温室气体的积累，维持地面植被的物种多样性。密集监测方案在大约860个选定的地块上进行，包括监测树冠状况，所有地块的森林生长和土壤及树叶的化学状况，以及监测部分地块的沉积、气象、土壤溶液和地面植被。为了实现密集监测方案的主要目标，已经或正在进行研究，以评估：㈠地点和压力因素与“森林生态系统状况”之间的相互关系; ㈡压力因素和/或生态系统状况的趋势; ㈢临界负荷，方法是用投入产出预算评价生态系统中大气污染物的归宿;以及（iv）气候和沉积对森林的大规模和长期影响，反之亦然。报告列举了这些研究的实例，并评价了该方案实现目标的潜力。(C)2002 Elsevier Science B. V.保留所有权利。
In order to contribute to a better understanding of the impact of air pollution and other environmental factors on forest ecosystems, a Pan-European Programme for Intensive and Continuous Monitoring of Forest Ecosystems has been implemented in 1994. Results of the Programme must contribute to a European wide overview of impacts of air pollution and the further development of its control strategies, being described in air pollution protocols. Objectives of the Intensive Monitoring Programme related to air pollution are the assessment of: (i) responses of forest ecosystems to changes in air pollution; (ii) differences between present loads and critical loads (long-term sustainable inputs) of atmospheric deposition; and (iii) impacts of future scenarios of atmospheric deposition on the ecosystem condition. Furthermore, the Intensive Monitoring Programme contributes to the assessment of 'criteria and indicators for sustainable forest management', such as the maintenance of forests as a net carbon sink to reduce the build up of atmospheric greenhouse gasses and the maintenance of species diversity of ground vegetation.The Intensive Monitoring Programme, which is carried out on approximately 860 selected plots, comprises monitoring of crown condition, forest growth and the chemical status of soil and foliage at all plots and monitoring of deposition, meteorology, soil solution and ground vegetation in a subset of the plots. In order to meet the major objectives of the Intensive Monitoring Programme, studies have been or are presently carried out with respect to the assessment of: (i) correlations between site and stress factors and the "forest ecosystem condition"; (ii) trends in stress factors and/or ecosystem conditions; (iii) critical loads, by evaluating the fate of atmospheric pollutants in the ecosystem with input-output budgets; and (iv) large-scale and long-term impacts of climate and deposition on forests and vice versa. Examples of those studies are given and the potential of the Programme to fulfil the objectives is evaluated. (C) 2002 Elsevier Science B.V. All rights reserved.