Maternal stress, nutrition and physical activity: Impact on immune function, CNS development and psychopathology
Maternal stress, nutrition and physical activity: Impact on immune function, CNS development and psychopathology
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DOI：
10.1016/j.brainres.2014.10.051
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发表时间：
2015-08-18
期刊：
影响因子：
2.9
通讯作者：
Silverman, Marni N.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marques, Andrea Horvath;Bjorke-Monsen, Anne-Lise;Silverman, Marni N.
有证据表明，母体和胎儿的免疫功能障碍可能会影响胎儿的大脑发育，并可能在神经发育障碍中发挥作用，尽管确切的病理生理机制尚未完全了解。压力、营养不良和缺乏身体活动是母亲行为生活方式的三个因素，可影响母亲和胎儿的免疫和中枢神经系统 (CNS) 功能，因此可能增加神经发育/精神疾病的风险。首先，我们将简要回顾母胎免疫系统相互作用和免疫耐受发展的一些方面。其次，我们将讨论免疫系统和中枢神经系统之间的双向通讯，以及免疫功能障碍可能导致神经发育障碍的途径。第三，我们将讨论产前压力和营养不良（营养过剩和营养不良）对中枢神经系统和免疫系统围产期规划的影响，以及这如何影响神经发育。最后，我们将讨论怀孕期间身体健康对母婴单位和婴儿的有益影响，以及定期的身体活动和锻炼如何有效缓冲压力和炎症相关疾病。尽管规律的体力活动已被证明可以促进成人的神经可塑性和抗炎状态，但很少有研究评估其对怀孕期间中枢神经系统和免疫功能的影响。在怀孕和生育期间实施减轻压力、适当的营养和充足的身体活动可能是抵消母亲压力和营养不良/肥胖对胎儿发育影响的有效策略。这种行为干预可能会对中枢神经系统和免疫系统的早期发育产生影响，并有助于预防神经发育和精神疾病。需要进一步的研究来阐明这种关系和潜在的保护机制。本文是题为 SI：健康与疾病中的神经免疫学的特刊的一部分。 (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Evidence suggests that maternal and fetal immune dysfunction may impact fetal brain development and could play a role in neurodevelopmental disorders, although the definitive pathophysiological mechanisms are still not completely understood. Stress, malnutrition and physical inactivity are three maternal behavioral lifestyle factors that can influence immune and central nervous system (CNS) functions in both the mother and fetus, and may therefore, increase risk for neurodevelopmental/psychiatric disorders. First, we will briefly review some aspects of maternal-fetal immune system interactions and development of immune tolerance. Second, we will discuss the bidirectional communication between the immune system and CNS and the pathways by which immune dysfunction could contribute to neurodevelopmental disorders. Third, we will discuss the effects of prenatal stress and malnutrition (over and undernutrition) on perinatal programming of the CNS and immune system, and how this might influence neurodevelopment. Finally, we will discuss the beneficial impact of physical fitness during pregnancy on the maternal-fetal unit and infant and how regular physical activity and exercise can be an effective buffer against stress- and inflammatory-related disorders. Although regular physical activity has been shown to promote neuroplasticity and an anti-inflammatory state in the adult, there is a paucity of studies evaluating its impact on CNS and immune function during pregnancy. Implementing stress reduction, proper nutrition and ample physical activity during pregnancy and the childbearing period may be an efficient strategy to counteract the impact of maternal stress and malnutrition/obesity on the developing fetus. Such behavioral interventions could have an impact on early development of the CNS and immune system and contribute to the prevention of neurodevelopmental and psychiatric disorders. Further research is needed to elucidate this relationship and the underlying mechanisms of protection. This article is part of a Special Issue entitled SI: Neuroimmunology in Health And Disease. (C) 2014 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.