Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence
Social inequalities in health: Next questions and converging evidence
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DOI：
10.1016/s0277-9536(96)00194-3
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发表时间：
1997-03-01
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Marks, NF
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Marmot, M;Ryff, CD;Marks, NF
死亡率研究表明，健康方面的社会不平等包括但不限于穷人健康状况恶化。存在一个社会梯度：死亡率随着社会经济地位的下降而上升。三项大样本研究，一项是英国的，两项是美国的，由于其在样本、测量和设计方面的互补性而汇集在一起，都显示出成年男性和女性在生理和精神发病率以及心理健康方面的相似社会梯度。这些差异在教育和职业地位上都有体现，并不能用父母的社会地位或童年时期缺乏一个完整的家庭来解释。他们也没有被学校测量的智商计算在内。这表明，间接选择不能解释健康方面的不平等。将社会地位与身心健康联系起来的可能因素包括吸烟和工作内外的心理社会环境特征。(C)1997年爱思唯尔科学有限公司。
Mortality studies show that social inequalities in health include, but are not confined to, worse health among the poor. There is a social gradient: mortality rises with decreasing socio-economic status. Three large sample studies, one British and two American, brought together for their complementarity in samples, measures, and design, all show similar social gradients for adult men and women in physical and mental morbidity and in psychological well-being. These gradients are observed both with educational and occupational status and are not explained by parents' social status or lack of an intact family during childhood. They are also not accounted for by intelligence measured in school. This suggests that indirect selection cannot account for inequalities in health. Possible mediators that link social position to physical and mental health include smoking and features of the psyche-social environment at work and outside. (C) 1997 Elsevier Science Ltd.