Influence of sprint speed and body size on predator avoidance in New Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata)
Influence of sprint speed and body size on predator avoidance in New Mexican spadefoot toads (Spea multiplicata)
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DOI：
10.1007/s00442-008-1210-z
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发表时间：
2009-03-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.7
通讯作者：
Arendt, Jeffrey David
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Arendt, Jeffrey David
捕食者-被捕食者之间的相互作用在群落动态中起着重要作用，并可能对促进遗传多样性具有重要意义。当猎物物种有多种反捕食者策略可用时，多样化可能特别重要，但这些策略相互冲突。例如，快速的冲刺速度和较大的体型都被认为可以降低对许多捕食者的脆弱性。在许多水生物种中，已经记录了游泳速度和生长速度之间的生理权衡，因此，个体基因类型可能采用一种或另一种策略，但不能同时使用两种策略。虽然快速冲刺速度通常被认为可以降低对捕食者的脆弱性，但这一点很少被测试。在这里，我提供了证据，证明快速冲刺速度和新墨西哥州叉足蟾蜍(Spea Multiicata)蝌蚪的巨大体型都可以降低其同类大平原叉足蟾蜍(Spea Bobrons)的食肉动物变种的捕食风险。这种冲突，再加上捕食压力的时空变化，可能对维持权衡的遗传变异很重要。
Predator-prey interactions play an important role in community dynamics and may be important for promoting genetic diversification. Diversification may be especially important when prey species have multiple anti-predator strategies available, but these strategies conflict with each other. For example, rapid sprint speed and large size are both thought to decrease vulnerability to many predators. A physiological trade-off between swimming speed and growth rate has been documented in many aquatic species and, as a result, individual genotypes may employ one strategy or the other, but not both. Although rapid sprint speed is often assumed to decrease vulnerability to predators, this has only rarely been tested. Here I provide evidence that both rapid sprint speed and large size in tadpoles of the New Mexico spadefoot toad (Spea multiplicata) decreases predation risk from carnivore morphs of its congener the Great Plains spadefoot toad (Spea bombifrons). Such conflicts, coupled with spatio-temporal variation in predation pressure, may be important in maintaining genetic variation for trade-offs.