BeepBeep: a high accuracy acoustic ranging system using COTS mobile devices
BeepBeep: a high accuracy acoustic ranging system using COTS mobile devices
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DOI：
10.1145/1322263.1322265
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发表时间：
2007-11
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Chunyi Peng;G. Shen;Yongguang Zhang;Yanlin Li;Kun Tan
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Chunyi Peng;G. Shen;Yongguang Zhang;Yanlin Li;Kun Tan
我们介绍了Beepbeep的设计，实现和评估，这是一种基于声学的范围系统。它在自发，临时和设备对设备上的上下文中运行，而无需利用任何预先计划的基础架构。它是一种基于软件的解决方案，仅使用最基本的商品硬件集 - 扬声器，麦克风和某种形式的设备到设备通信 - 因此它很容易适用于许多低成本传感器平台以及大多数商业上的移动设备，例如手机和PDA。通过三种技术的组合：双向感测，自我录制和样本计数，它可以实现高精度。基本思想是以下内容。为了估计两个设备之间的范围，每个设备都会发出一个专门设计的声音信号（“蜂鸣”），并从其麦克风同时收集记录。每个录音应包含两个这样的蜂鸣声，一个来自其自己的扬声器，另一个来自同行。通过计算这两种蜂鸣声之间的样本数量并与其同行交换时间持续时间信息，每个设备都可以以声音采样率的粒度得出蜂鸣声的双向飞行时间。该技术巧妙地避免了在其他典型的到达计划中发现的许多不准确性来源，例如时钟同步，非实时处理，软件延迟等。我们在两种常见的手机模型上进行的实验表明我们可以实现尽管在实施这一想法方面面临一系列技术挑战，但在超过10米的范围内，大约一两个厘米的精度。
We present the design, implementation, and evaluation of BeepBeep, a high-accuracy acoustic-based ranging system. It operates in a spontaneous, ad-hoc, and device-to-device context without leveraging any pre-planned infrastructure. It is a pure software-based solution and uses only the most basic set of commodity hardware -- a speaker, a microphone, and some form of device-to-device communication -- so that it is readily applicable to many low-cost sensor platforms and to most commercial-off-the-shelf mobile devices like cell phones and PDAs. It achieves high accuracy through a combination of three techniques: two-way sensing, self-recording, and sample counting. The basic idea is the following. To estimate the range between two devices, each will emit a specially-designed sound signal ("Beep") and collect a simultaneous recording from its microphone. Each recording should contain two such beeps, one from its own speaker and the other from its peer. By counting the number of samples between these two beeps and exchanging the time duration information with its peer, each device can derive the two-way time of flight of the beeps at the granularity of sound sampling rate. This technique cleverly avoids many sources of inaccuracy found in other typical time-of-arrival schemes, such as clock synchronization, non-real-time handling, software delays, etc. Our experiments on two common cell phone models have shown that we can achieve around one or two centimeters accuracy within a range of more than ten meters, despite a series of technical challenges in implementing the idea.