Dynamics of Upland Utilization and Forest Land Management : A Case Study in Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand
Dynamics of Upland Utilization and Forest Land Management : A Case Study in Yasothon Province, Northeast Thailand
复制标题
高地利用和林地管理的动态：以泰国东北部也梭通府为例
作者：
Y. Kono;S. Sijapati;S. Takeda
在泰国东北部，高地是高地农田扩张与森林保护、土地适宜性与外部市场需求之间的冲突之地。本文以亚索通省一个以水田为主的地区为例，分析了近几十年来高地利用和林地管理的动态过程，并讨论了商业性耕作对土地资源管理的影响。高地利用随个体村民对旱地作物种植的需求而呈现动态变化，林地管理也受此需求的影响。然而，高地利用，作为一个整体，很好地平衡之间的高地领域的扩展和森林保护。农民收入来源的多元化是土地资源灵活合理管理的关键。泰国东北部的土地资源主要由低地和高地组成。低地沿着湄公河的支流，如Mun河和Chi河，而高地则分布在低地的零星地区和该地区西部和南部边缘以及富潘山区的大片高地。根据低地和高地的组合情况，不同地区和村庄的可用土地资源各不相同。它反映了人类定居历史的差异和那些村庄之间耕作方式的变化。低地适宜水稻种植，开发历史悠久。据志江下游的村民反映，他们的祖先大约在300年前就开始在那里生活和种植水稻，而中游的这种发展大约在150年前开始[福井1993：59-60]。现在的稻田至少从那时起就一直在耕种，考古学家发现的几个人类定居点遗址提供了更古老的水稻种植的证据[Nitta 1991：229]。扩大
In Northeast Thailand, upland is a place of conflict between upland field expansion and forest conservation, and between land suitability and external market demand. This paper highlights the dynamic process of upland utilization and forest land management during the last several decades through a case study of upland in an area dominated by paddy fields in Yasothon province, and discusses the impacts of commercial cultivation on land resources management. Upland utilization showed dynamic changes according to individual villagers' demands for upland crop cultivation, and forest land management was also affected by this demand. Nevertheless, upland utilization was, as a whole, well balanced between upland field expansion and forest conservation. Diversification of villagers' income sources is found to be a key issue in flexible and proper land resources management. I Introduction Land resources in Northeast Thailand mainly consist of lowland and upland. Lowland is located along the tributaries of the Mae Khong river such as the Mun river and the Chi river, while upland occurs as scattered patches in the lowland and as large upland areas in the western and the southern periphery of the region and in the Phu Phan mountains. Available land resources differ from area to area and from village to village according to the combination of lowland and upland. It reflects the differences in the history of human settlement and the variations in farming practices among the villages. Lowland is suitable for rice cultivation and has a long history of development. Villagers in the lower reach of the Chi river reported that their ancestors started living and cultivating rice there around 300 years ago, while such development began around 150 years ago in the middle reach [Fukui 1993: 59-60]. The present rice land has been cultivated continuously at least since this time, and evidence of even older rice cultivation is provided by the several ruins of human settlement with carbonized rice that have been found by archaeologists [Nitta 1991: 229]. The expansion of