Accessing world knowledge: Evidence from N400 and reaction time priming
Accessing world knowledge: Evidence from N400 and reaction time priming
复制标题
DOI：
10.1016/j.cogbrainres.2005.08.011
复制
发表时间：
2005-12-01
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Kolk, HHJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Chwilla, DJ;Kolk, HHJ
我们获取世界知识的速度有多快？在两个实验中，我们测试了描述概念脚本的单词三联体的启动（例如，董事-贿赂-解雇），但没有关联关系，也没有类别关系。事件相关脑电位被用来跟踪脚本信息变得可用的时间过程。在实验1中，参与者进行词汇决策，我们发现了一个促进脚本相关相对于无关的三联体，如（i）反应时间和错误的减少，和（ii）N400样的启动效应。实验二通过增加意义整合过程的贡献，进一步探索了脚本启动的轨迹。参与者的任务是指出这三个词是否代表了一个合理的场景。再次，获得N400脚本启动效应。将注意力集中在脚本关系上，可以有效地增强N400效应。N400效应的时程与标准N400效应对语义关系的时程相似。目前的研究结果表明，脚本启动可以在视觉通道中获得，脚本信息立即访问和整合与上下文。这支持了文字信息构成词义的一个中心方面的观点。本文中报道的RT和N400脚本启动效应对于大多数当前的语义启动模型都是有问题的，如扩散激活模型，期望模型和特定任务的语义匹配/整合模型。他们支持这样一种观点，即语义知识和世界知识之间没有明确的分界点。(c)2005 Elsevier B. V.保留所有权利。
How fast are we in accessing world knowledge? In two experiments, we tested for priming for word triplets that described a conceptual script (e.g., DIRECTOR-BRIBE-DISMISSAL) but were not associatively related and did not share a category relationship. Event-related brain potentials were used to track the time course at which script information becomes available. In Experiment 1, in which participants made lexical decisions, we found a facilitation for script-related relative to unrelated triplets, as indicated by (i) a decrease in both reaction time and errors, and (ii) an N400-like priming effect. In Experiment 2, we further explored the locus of script priming by increasing the contribution of meaning integration processes. The participants' task was to indicate whether the three words presented a plausible scenario. Again, an N400 script priming effect was obtained. Directing attention to script relations was effective in enhancing the N400 effect. The time course of the N400 effect was similar to that of the standard N400 effect to semantic relations. The present results show that script priming can be obtained in the visual modality, and that script information is immediately accessed and integrated with context. This supports the view that script information forms a central aspect of word meaning. The RT and N400 script priming effects reported in this article are problematic for most current semantic priming models, like spreading activation models, expectancy models, and task-specific semantic matching/integration models. They support a view in which there is no clear cutoff point between semantic knowledge and world knowledge. (c) 2005 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.