Expression
Expression
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DOI：
10.1016/b978-0-12-384939-7.10005-5
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发表时间：
2012-02-29
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Cann AJ
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Cann AJ
本章重点讨论细胞表达基因中储存的信息的机制，并研究不同病毒群的基因组编码斗争。基因表达的控制是病毒复制的重要因素。病毒基因组的协调表达导致基因表达的连续阶段。即刻早期基因编码激活蛋白，早期基因编码进一步的调节蛋白，晚期基因编码病毒结构蛋白。病毒利用其宿主细胞的生物化学装置将其遗传信息表达为蛋白质，从而利用细胞识别的适当生物化学语言。因此，原核生物的病毒产生多顺反子mRNA，而真核宿主的病毒产生更多的单顺反子mRNA。一些真核生物的病毒确实产生多顺反子mRNA以协助多个基因的协调调节。病毒依赖于特定的顺式和反式作用机制来操纵其宿主细胞的生物学，并增强和协调其遗传信息的表达。本章讨论了原核生物基因表达的控制，在λ噬菌体中的表达，真核生物基因表达，并讨论了基因组编码策略。本章最后讨论了控制基因表达的转录和转录后方法。我们首先研究细胞表达储存在基因中的信息的机制。之后，我们研究了不同病毒群的基因组编码斗争。然后，我们看看病毒如何控制基因表达通过转录和转录后的方法。
This chapter focuses on the mechanisms by which cells express the information stored in genes, and examines the genome coding struggles of different virus groups. Control of gene expression is a vital element of virus replication. Coordinate expression of groups of virus genes results in successive phases of gene expression. Immediate–early genes encode activator proteins, early genes encode further regulatory proteins, and late genes encode virus structural proteins. Viruses make use of the biochemical apparatus of their host cells to express their genetic information as proteins and, consequently, utilize the appropriate biochemical language recognized by the cell. Thus viruses of prokaryotes produce polycistronic mRNAs, while viruses with eukaryotic hosts produce more monocistronic mRNAs. Some viruses of eukaryotes do produce polycistronic mRNA to assist with the coordinate regulation of multiple genes. Viruses rely on specific cis- and trans-acting mechanisms to manipulate the biology of their host cells, and to enhance and coordinate the expression of their genetic information. The chapter discusses control of prokaryote gene expression, expression in bacteriophage λ, eukaryote gene expression, and also discusses genome coding strategies. The chapter ends with a discussion of the transcription and post-transcriptional methods of control of gene expression. We start by looking at the mechanisms by which cells express the information stored in genes. After that we examine the genome coding struggles of different virus groups. Then we look at how viruses control gene expression via transcription and by using posttranscriptional methods.