Nutritional status changes in humans during a 14-day saturation dive: The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V project
Nutritional status changes in humans during a 14-day saturation dive: The NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V project
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/134.7.1765
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Zwart, SR
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Smith, SM;Davis-Street, JE;Zwart, SR
地面空间飞行模拟是研究与空间旅行有关的生理和营养变化的重要手段，美国宇航局的极端环境使命操作V（NEEMO）就是这样一种模拟。为了确定饱和潜水是否具有与太空飞行类似的营养相关影响，我们对NEEMO机组人员（4名男性，2名女性）在14天饱和潜水之前、期间和之后进行了临床营养评估。在潜水前、潜水期间和潜水后收集了血液和尿液样本。宇航员所吃的食物是典型的航天食品系统。在潜水期间和之后观察到了一些生理变化，这些变化也是在航天飞行期间经常观察到的。血红蛋白和红细胞压积下降（P < 0.05）。潜水后，转铁蛋白受体立即显着降低。潜水过程中血清铁蛋白显著升高。还有证据表明，在潜水过程中，氧化损伤和压力增加。潜水期间和潜水后，谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶和超氧化物歧化酶均下降（P < 0.05）。潜水过程中瘦素水平降低（P < 0.05）可能与潜水应激增加有关。受试者在潜水过程中减少了能量摄入和体重减轻，这与在太空飞行中观察到的情况相似。总之，这些与航天的相似之处提供了一个模型，用于进一步定义航天的生理效应和研究潜在的对策。
Ground-based analogs of spaceflight are an important means of studying physiologic and nutritional changes associated with space travel, and the NASA Extreme Environment Mission Operations V (NEEMO) is such an analog. To determine whether saturation diving has nutrition-related effects similar to those of spaceflight, we conducted a clinical nutritional assessment of the NEEMO crew (4 men, 2 women) before, during, and after their 14-d saturation dive. Blood and urine samples were collected before, during, and after the dive. The foods consumed by the crew were typical of the spaceflight food system. A number of physiologic changes were observed, during and after the dive, that are also commonly observed during spaceflight. Hemoglobin and hematocrit were lower (P < 0.05) after the dive. Transferrin receptors were significantly lower immediately after the dive. Serum ferritin increased significantly during the dive. There was also evidence indicating that oxidative damage and stress increased during the dive. Glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase decreased during and after the dive (P < 0.05). Decreased leptin during the dive (P < 0.05) may have been related to the increased stress. Subjects had decreased energy intake and weight loss during the dive, similar to what is observed during spaceflight. Together, these similarities to spaceflight provide a model to use in further defining the physiologic effects of spaceflight and investigating potential countermeasures.