National risk signatures and human embryonic stem cell research in mainland China
National risk signatures and human embryonic stem cell research in mainland China
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中国大陆的国家风险特征和人类胚胎干细胞研究
DOI：
10.1080/13698575.2010.509491
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发表时间：
2010
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
M. Sleeboom
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
M. Sleeboom
人类胚胎干细胞研究的国际发展与全球生命伦理密切相关，后者将道德责任置于干细胞研究人员身上。本文认为，在干细胞科学家的风险认知方面，通过接近生物伦理学的制度化，可以更好地理解人类胚胎干细胞研究的生物伦理监管的发展。避免将生物伦理风险理解为仅仅是道德问题或社会结构的方法，本文强调了与人类胚胎干细胞研究相关的风险的生物伦理观点的重要性和战略推理。这种方法可以识别植根于中国人类胚胎干细胞研究日常实践中的各种风险，包括道德风险（违反文化价值观）、物质风险（与物质资源和财富的分配有关）、政治风险（就生物伦理和公共辩论的政治经济而言）和声誉风险（就个人和国家荣誉而言）。尽管这一分析建立在Tom Horlick-Jones的新技术风险特征概念的基础上，该概念强调不同技术产生和界定其产生的风险的特定社会和文化解释的能力，但这篇文章揭示了干细胞科学家对风险特征的某种全球意识的存在。与国外和国内其他机构在不同环境下的研究相比，他们对人类胚胎干细胞研究的风险特征在其特定机构背景下可能提供的机会和限制表现出创造性和战略意识。这种形式的反身性的存在需要承认和方法上的适应。
The international development of human embryonic stem cell research has become closely tied to global bioethics, which places moral responsibility on stem cell researchers. This article argues that the development of bioethical regulation of human embryonic stem cell research is better understood by approaching the institutionalisation of bioethics in terms of risk perceptions of stem cell scientists. Eschewing approaches that understand bioethical risk as a mere matter of morality or as a social construct, this article emphasises the materiality and strategic reasoning of bioethical views on risks associated with human embryonic stem cell research. Such an approach allows the identification of forms of risk rooted in the everyday practice of Chinese human embryonic stem cell research, including moral risk (as a violation of cultural values), material risk (in relation to the distribution of material resources and wealth), political risk (in terms of the political economy of bioethics and public debate) and reputational risk (in terms of personal and national honour). Although this analysis builds on Tom Horlick-Jones's concept of risk signatures of new technologies, which emphasise the capacities of different technologies to engender and delimit the particular social and cultural interpretations of the risks they generate, the article reveals the existence of a certain global awareness among stem cell scientists of risk signatures. They display a creative and strategic awareness regarding the possible opportunities and constraints the risk signature of human embryonic stem cell research affords in their particular institutional context compared to those of others abroad and at home in different environments. The existence of this form of reflexivity requires recognition and methodological accommodation.
生物伦理真空：印度和中国人类胚胎干细胞研究的国家政策
DOI：
10.1515/jibl.2008.37
发表时间：
2008
期刊：
Journal of International Biotechnology Law
影响因子：
--
作者：
Sleeboom-Faulkner M
通讯作者：
Sleeboom-Faulkner M