Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS)
Magnet Architectures and Active Radiation Shielding Study (MAARSS)
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磁体架构和主动辐射屏蔽研究 (MAARSS)
DOI：
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
F. Davies
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
S. Westover;R. Meinke;Shaun M. Nerolich;S. Washburn;R. Battison;W. Burger;Dallas Kasaboski;F. Davies
本报告介绍了几个磁辐射屏蔽结构和航天器系统与他们相关的分析，如失超检测，热管理，补偿线圈。这项工作是作为美国宇航局先进概念研究所（NIAC）资助第二阶段工作的一部分进行的。由于长期太空任务期间的辐射暴露对载人太空飞行构成了重大风险，高级磁性实验室公司。(AML)和美国宇航局正在研究磁辐射屏蔽，这可能会产生低质量的保护。高温超导技术的最新技术发展表明了这种屏蔽的可能性。本报告分析了这种系统所涉及的一些技术困难，并确定了需要进一步投资的技术领域。大多数分析是在基线配置（8米直径线圈，1特斯拉场）上进行的。然而，具有可扩展线圈配置（16米直径线圈，1.5特斯拉场）的基线设计具有增加屏蔽效率的显著潜力。磁屏蔽组件上的磁力足够大，需要详细的结构设计。对大型螺线管磁体中的钇钡铜氧化物（YBCO）高温超导（HTS）带材的热结构响应的分析表明，通过在带材中用石墨烯代替哈氏合金，结构和热性能得到改善。将石墨烯集成到高强度纤维（HSF）支撑结构中带来了更大的好处。如果发生失超型故障，则必须安全地耗散存储在屏蔽系统磁场中的能量。通过光纤热传感和使用石墨烯的猝灭特性的改进的猝灭检测的分析表明猝灭是可管理的。低温超导体在受到运动时会失超，但线圈膨胀测试的实验室测试表明，HTS材料在受到与线圈膨胀相关的运动时不会失超。补偿线圈是必要的，以减少在船员栖息地的磁场。分析表明，将补偿线圈细分为单独控制的部分允许鲁棒的可调节系统。AML分析了一个正在接近的太空舱上的力，这些力是由于太空舱通过线圈产生的磁场运动而在其结构中产生的涡流造成的。AML还分析了弹簧圈间力。将HTS材料保持在合适温度的热控制是具有挑战性的。遮阳技术审查显示，线圈隔热和使用被动冷却的可能性更大。还对合适的制冷机的可用性进行了评述。开发了一个参数图，估计强度和厚度的质量和屏蔽效能，使航天器设计人员能够评估使用磁辐射屏蔽的利弊。
This report describes the analysis of several magnetic radiation shield architectures and the spacecraft systems associated with them, such as quench detection, thermal management, and compensation coils. This work was performed as part of the NASA Institute of Advanced Concepts (NIAC) Grant Phase II effort. Because radiation exposure during long duration space missions poses a significant risk for crewed space-flight, Advanced Magnetic Lab, Inc. (AML) and NASA are studying magnetic radiation shielding, which may generate low-mass protection. Recent technological developments in high-temperature superconducting technology suggest the possibility of such shielding. This report analyzes some of the technical difficulties involved in such a system and identifies technology areas where further investment would be warranted. Most analysis was performed on a baseline configuration (8-meter diameter coils, with 1 tesla field). However, a baseline design with an expandable coil configuration (16 meter diameter coils, 1.5 tesla field) has a significant potential to increase shielding efficiency. The magnetic forces on the magnetic shield’s components are large enough to require detailed structural design. Analysis of the thermal structural response of a yttrium-barium-copper-oxide (YBCO) high-temperature, superconducting (HTS) tape in a large-scale solenoid magnet showed that structural and thermal performance improved by replacing Hastelloy with graphene in the tape. Integrating graphene into the high-strength fiber (HSF) support structure brings even greater benefits. The energy stored in a shield system’s magnetic field must be safely dissipated if a quench-type failure occurs. Analysis of quench detection by fiber-optic thermal sensing and improvement of quench characteristics using graphene showed quench is manageable. Low-temperature superconductors can quench when subjected to movement, but lab tests of coil expansion testing showed that HTS materials do not quench when subject to the movement associated with coil expansion. Compensation coils are necessary to reduce the magnetic field in the crew habitat. Analysis showed that subdividing the compensation coil into individually controlled sections allows for a robust, adjustable system. AML analyzed the forces on an approaching capsule that were a result of eddy currents in its structure induced by its motion through the magnetic field from the coils. AML also analyzed coil-to-coil forces. Thermal control to maintain the HTS material at a suitable temperature is challenging. The sunshield technology review revealed a greater possibility of thermal insulation of the coils and use of passive cooling. The availability of suitable cryocoolers was also reviewed. A parametric graph estimating mass and shielding effectiveness for strength and thickness was developed, and allows spacecraft designers to assess the tradeoffs of using a magnetic radiation shield.