Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event-猫眼课题宝

DOI：

10.1038/nphys3715

发表时间：

2016-02

期刊：

Nature Physics

影响因子：

19.6

通讯作者：

中科院分区：

物理与天体物理1区

文献类型：

作者：

M. Kadler;F. Krauß;K. Mannheim;R. Ojha;R. Ojha;R. Ojha;C. Müller;R. Schulz;G. Anton;W. Baumgartner;T. Beuchert;S. Buson;S. Buson;B. Carpenter;T. Eberl;P. Edwards;D. Glawion;D. Elsässer;N. Gehrels;C. Gräfe;S. Gulyaev;H. Hase;S. Horiuchi;C. James;A. Kappes;U. Katz;A. Kreikenbohm;M. Kreter;I. Kreykenbohm;M. Langejahn;K. Leiter;E. Litzinger;F. Longo;J. Lovell;J. Mcenery;T. Natusch;C. Phillips;C. Plötz;J. Quick;E. Ros;E. Ros;F. Stecker;F. Stecker;T. Steinbring;J. Stevens;D. Thompson;J. Trüstedt;A. Tzioumis;S. Weston;J. Wilms;J. Zensus

冰立方合作探测到的地外高能中微子的天体物理来源仍有待确定。伽马射线耀变体被预测会产生超过大气背景能量的累积中微子信号，能量超过100 TeV，假设中微子和γ射线光子都是由相对论喷流中的加速质子产生的。背景光谱福尔斯随着能量的增加而急剧下降，具有最明显的外星起源特征的个别事件是那些具有千万亿电子伏能量的事件。在冰立方探测到的前两个petaelectronvolt中微子的大位置不确定性场中，耀变体的综合发射具有足够高的电磁通量来解释探测到的冰立方事件，但单个物体的通量太低，无法做出明确的源关联。在这里，我们报告的耀变体PKS B1424-418的主要爆发发生在时间和位置的巧合与第三petaelectronvolt能量中微子事件（HESE-35）检测到冰立方。在对HESE-35场中γ射线耀变体全样本分析的基础上，我们发现耀变体作为一类的长期平均γ射线辐射与全天测量的拍电子伏中微子通量和IceCube信号的谱斜率都是一致的。PKS B1424-418的爆发提供了足够高的能量输出来解释观测到的拍电子伏事件，暗示了直接的物理关联。

The astrophysical sources of the extraterrestrial, very high-energy neutrinos detected by the IceCube collaboration remain to be identified. Gamma-ray (γ-ray) blazars have been predicted to yield a cumulative neutrino signal exceeding the atmospheric background above energies of 100 TeV, assuming that both the neutrinos and the γ-ray photons are produced by accelerated protons in relativistic jets. As the background spectrum falls steeply with increasing energy, the individual events with the clearest signature of being of extraterrestrial origin are those at petaelectronvolt energies. Inside the large positional-uncertainty fields of the first two petaelectronvolt neutrinos detected by IceCube, the integrated emission of the blazar population has a sufficiently high electromagnetic flux to explain the detected IceCube events, but fluences of individual objects are too low to make an unambiguous source association. Here, we report that a major outburst of the blazar PKS B1424–418 occurred in temporal and positional coincidence with a third petaelectronvolt-energy neutrino event (HESE-35) detected by IceCube. On the basis of an analysis of the full sample of γ-ray blazars in the HESE-35 field, we show that the long-term average γ-ray emission of blazars as a class is in agreement with both the measured all-sky flux of petaelectronvolt neutrinos and the spectral slope of the IceCube signal. The outburst of PKS B1424–418 provides an energy output high enough to explain the observed petaelectronvolt event, suggestive of a direct physical association.

Coincidence of a high-fluence blazar outburst with a PeV-energy neutrino event

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