Cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol in dogs.
Cardiorespiratory effects of a combination of medetomidine, midazolam, and butorphanol in dogs.
复制标题
美托咪定、咪达唑仑和布托啡诺组合对狗的心肺作用。
DOI：
10.2460/ajvr.1999.60.09.1148
复制
发表时间：
1999
影响因子：
1
通讯作者：
John Verstegen
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
B. Pypendop;John Verstegen
客观化
研究美托咪定、布托啡诺和咪达唑仑联合用药对心肺功能的影响，并将心肺功能抑制的程度与常用的吸入麻醉方案(acepromazine-butorphanol-thiopental-halothane).进行比较。
动物
10只临床正常犬(2组，每组5只)。
程序
给药犬给予美托咪定(时间为0分钟)，在美托咪定起效最大时给予咪达唑仑和布托啡诺(时间为20分钟)，随后给予阿替巴唑(时间为60分钟)。在对照犬中，在允许每个药物达到效果后给药：乙酰丙嗪在0次给药，布托啡诺和硫喷妥在35次给药，氟烷从45次给药到110次。测量或计算各种心肺和血液学变量。
结果
呼吸频率、动脉和静脉pH值、静脉含氧量、氧耗量和氧输送显著低于基线水平；呼气末二氧化碳、动脉和静脉P(CO)2和氧气提取显著高于基线水平。与麻醉后相比，用药组的动脉血HCO3-浓度、静脉血P(O2)和S(O2)、心输出量、氧摄取量和氧输送等指标均有明显改善。治疗组犬的氧耗量和生理分流分数的改变较对照组小。
结论与临床相关性
美托咪定-布托啡诺-咪达唑仑联合应用可引起呼吸抑制，其程度与广泛使用的吸入麻醉剂方案相当。麻醉期间呼吸变量保持在可接受的范围内；然而，与心血管功能相关的那些变量受到的影响更严重。
OBJECTIVE
To characterize cardiorespiratory effects for a combination of medetomidine, butorphanol, and midazolam and to compare magnitude of cardiorespiratory depression with that induced by a commonly used inhalation anesthetic regimen (acepromazine-butorphanol-thiopental-halothane).
ANIMALS
10 clinically normal dogs (2 groups of 5).
PROCEDURE
In treated dogs, medetomidine was administered (time, 0 minutes); midazolam and butorphanol were administered when effects of medetomidine were maximal (time, 20), and atipamezole was administered subsequently (time 60). In control dogs, drugs were administered after allowing effects of each agent to be achieved: acepromazine was given at time 0, butorphanol and thiopental were administered at time 35, and halothane was administered from time 45 until 110. Various cardiorespiratory and hematologic variables were measured or calculated.
RESULTS
Respiratory rate, arterial and venous pH, venous oxygen content, oxygen consumption, and oxygen delivery decreased significantly below baseline values for treated dogs; end-tidal CO2, arterial and venous P(CO)2, and O2 extraction increased significantly above baseline values. Compared with data obtained after anesthesia, arterial HCO3- concentration, venous P(O2) and S(O2), cardiac output, oxygen extraction, and oxygen delivery appeared more modified in treated dogs. Oxygen consumption and physiologic shunt fraction were less modified in treated dogs than control dogs.
CONCLUSIONS AND CLINICAL RELEVANCE
Medetomidine-butorphanol-midazolam combination induced respiratory depression, comparable in magnitude to that induced by a widely used inhalation anesthetic regimen. Respiratory variables remained within acceptable limits during anesthesia; however, those associated with cardiovascular function were more severely affected.