An Aqueous Eutectic Electrolyte for Low-Cost, Safe Energy Storage with an Operational Temperature Range of 150 °C, from −70 to 80 °C
An Aqueous Eutectic Electrolyte for Low-Cost, Safe Energy Storage with an Operational Temperature Range of 150 °C, from −70 to 80 °C
复制标题
用于低成本、安全储能的水共晶电解质，工作温度范围为 150°C，从 70 到 80°C
DOI：
10.1021/acs.jpcc.0c09676
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发表时间：
2021
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Andrew, Trisha L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Viola, Wesley;Andrew, Trisha L.
常规能量存储装置的性能在低温下受到极大影响。在这里，我们表明，水性电解质代表了一个意想不到的有前途的解决方案，这个低温问题。氯化锂在水中的高溶解度大大降低了低共熔浓度下的凝固点，使液态水电解质在−74 °C下存在。这种电解质用于支持含有行业标准活性炭的超级电容器的低温储能，在−70 °C时保持72%的室温容量（28 F/g），在−80 °C时保持42%。由于电解质不易燃，因此也可以在高达80 °C的高温下运行，相当于150 °C的宽温度范围，涵盖了地球上最极端的条件。在-70 °C下，电解质具有极高的电导率（1.83 mS/cm）和宽的3伏稳定窗口。通过在聚乙烯醇中混合，制成了一种聚合物电解质，它保留了大部分的低温性能，并用于制造能够在-70 °C下点亮LED超过一分钟的设备。这里制造的设备在低温储能方面表现出色，并且只使用安全、低成本的商品材料。
The performance of conventional energy storage devices greatly suffers at low temperatures. Here, we show that aqueous electrolytes represent an unexpectedly promising solution to this low-temperature issue. The high solubility of lithium chloride in water greatly lowers the freezing point at the eutectic concentration, allowing for a liquid aqueous electrolyte to exist at −74 °C. This electrolyte is used to support low-temperature energy storage in supercapacitors containing an industry-standard activated carbon, retaining 72% of room temperature capacity (28 F/g) at −70 °C and 42% at −80 °C. Since the electrolyte is nonflammable, a high-temperature operation is also possible up to 80 °C, amounting to a broad 150 °C temperature range which covers the most extreme conditions on earth. At −70 °C, the electrolyte has a remarkably high conductivity (1.83 mS/cm) and a broad three-volt stability window. By blending in poly(vinyl alcohol), a polymer electrolyte is made which retains much of the low-temperature performance and is used to make a device capable of lighting an LED at −70 °C for more than a minute. The devices made here excel at low-temperature energy storage and use only safe, low-cost commodity materials.