An attempt to compare the fitness of polymorphic and monomorphic experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
An attempt to compare the fitness of polymorphic and monomorphic experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura
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DOI：
10.1038/hdy.1960.2
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发表时间：
1960-01-01
期刊：
影响因子：
3.8
通讯作者：
PAVLOVSKY, O. A.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
BEARDMORE, J. A.;DOBZHANSKY, TH.;PAVLOVSKY, O. A.
在实验室种群笼中对七个拟暗果蝇实验种群进行了研究。其中3个在第3染色体上的AR和CH基因排列呈多态性，2个在AR染色体上呈单态，2个在CH染色体上呈单态。由于AR/CH杂合子的杂种优势，多态性是平衡的。在多态性群体接近AR和CH的平衡频率后，从所有群体中取样。样品由装有营养培养基的杯子组成，在杯子中的幼虫大量化蛹期间，以每周最多一杯的速率从笼中取出。从样品中获得以下数据：（1）孵化的雌蝇和雄蝇的数量，（2）个体蝇的重量，（3）翅膀的长度，（4）同一个体的两个翅膀的长度的不对称性，和（5）从杯子中孵化的蝇的总重量（生物量）。结果表明：（a）多态种群比单态种群产生更多的个体，（B）每杯孵化的个体数在多态种群中比在单态种群中变化小，（c）可比较的多态种群和单态种群的平均体重大致相同，（d）同一杯中孵化的个体重量的方差，多态性种群小于单态种群，（e）多态性种群的生物量大于单态种群，（f）多态和单态种群的翅长平均值大致相同;（g）单态种群的翅长方差一般较大;（h）单态种群的翅长不对称性大于多态种群。我们的结论是，我们所研究的多态群体是上级达尔文适合度的单态的。据推测，这种上级适应性可能不仅是由于异核型AR/CH的高适应值，而且还由于不同核型的携带者之间的有利的相互作用（相互促进）。|| 摘要编辑：作者
Seven experimental populations of Drosophila pseudoobscura have been studied in laboratory population cages. Three of them were polymorphic for the AR and CH gene arrangements in the third chromosomes, two were monomorphic for AR, and two for CH chromosomes. The polymorphism is balanced owing to heterosis in the AR/CH heterozygotes. After the polymorphic populations had approached the equilibrium frequencies of AR and CH, samples were taken from all the populations. The samples consisted of cups with the nutrient medium, withdrawn from the cages at a rate of, at most, one cup per week, during the period of mass pupation of the larvae in the cups. The following data were obtained from the samples (1) numbers of female and male flies hatching, (2) weights of individual flies, (3) length of the wings, (4) asymmetry of the lengths of the two wings of the same individual, and (5) total weight (biomass) of the flies hatching from a cup. The results obtained show that (a) the polymorphic populations produce more individuals than do the monomorphic ones, (b) the numbers of individuals hatching per cup are less variable in the polymorphic than in the monomorphic populations, (c) the mean weights of a fly are about the same in comparable polymorphic and monomorphic populations, (d) the variances of weights of individuals hatching in the same cup are smaller in polymorphic than in monomorphic populations, (e) the biomass produced is greater in polymorphic than in monomorphic populations, (f) the mean length of the wings is about the same in polymorphic and monomorphic populations, (g) the variance in wing length is generally greater in the monomorphic populations (h) the asymmetry of the wings is greater in monomorphic than in polymorphic populations. We conclude that the polymorphic populations which we have studied are superior in Darwinian fitness to the monomorphic ones. It is conjectured that this superior fitness may be due not only to high adaptive value of the heterokaryotype AR/CH, but also to favorable interaction (mutual facilitation) between the carriers of the different karyotypes. || ABSTRACT AUTHORS: Authors