Endometrial glands as a source of nutrients, growth factors and cytokines during the first trimester of human pregnancy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.
Endometrial glands as a source of nutrients, growth factors and cytokines during the first trimester of human pregnancy: a morphological and immunohistochemical study.
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DOI：
10.1186/1477-7827-2-58
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发表时间：
2004-07-20
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Burton, Graham J
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Hempstock, Joanne;Cindrova-Davies, Tereza;Burton, Graham J
背景：人胎盘的母体循环直到妊娠10-12周才完全建立。在妊娠早期，绒毛间隙充满透明液体，部分来自子宫内膜腺体通过基板开口的分泌物。其目的是确定整个头三个月的腺体的活动，并确定分泌物的成分。方法：从5-14周胎龄的人蜕膜样品进行了透射电镜和免疫组化检查。胎盘原位标本的档案收集也review.RESULTS：植入部位下方的子宫内膜的厚度从约5毫米，在6周减少到1毫米，在14周的妊娠。在此期间，腺上皮也从高柱状细胞，充满分泌细胞器，低立方层。腺体的管腔总是充满沉淀的分泌物，并且可以追踪到与绒毛间隙的通信，直到至少10周。腺上皮对白血病抑制因子、血管内皮生长因子、表皮生长因子、转化生长因子β、α-生育酚转移蛋白、MUC-1和glycodelin反应强烈，对乳铁蛋白反应较弱。随着妊娠的进展，子宫自然杀伤细胞变得非常接近上皮的基底面。这些细胞也是表皮生长因子免疫阳性。结论：形态学的子宫内膜腺体最发达，最活跃的人类妊娠早期。腺体在孕早期逐渐退化，但仍与绒毛间隙沟通，直到至少10周。因此，它们可以为胎儿-胎盘单位提供重要的营养素、生长因子和细胞因子来源。因此，子宫内膜在调节胎盘生长和着床后分化方面可能比以前认识到的发挥更大的作用。
BACKGROUND: The maternal circulation to the human placenta is not fully established until 10-12 weeks of pregnancy. During the first trimester the intervillous space is filled by a clear fluid, in part derived from secretions from the endometrial glands via openings in the basal plate. The aim was to determine the activity of the glands throughout the first trimester, and to identify components of the secretions.METHODS: Samples of human decidua basalis from 5-14 weeks gestational age were examined by transmission electron microscopy and immunohistochemically. An archival collection of placenta-in-situ samples was also reviewed.RESULTS: The thickness of the endometrium beneath the implantation site reduced from approximately 5 mm at 6 weeks to 1 mm at 14 weeks of gestation. The glandular epithelium also transformed from tall columnar cells, packed with secretory organelles, to a low cuboidal layer over this period. The lumens of the glands were always filled with precipitated secretions, and communications with the intervillous space could be traced until at least 10 weeks. The glandular epithelium reacted strongly for leukaemia inhibitory factor, vascular endothelial growth factor, epidermal growth factor, transforming growth factor beta, alpha tocopherol transfer protein, MUC-1 and glycodelin, and weakly for lactoferrin. As gestation advanced uterine natural killer cells became closely approximated to the basal surface of the epithelium. These cells were also immunopositive for epidermal growth factor.CONCLUSIONS: Morphologically the endometrial glands are best developed and most active during early human pregnancy. The glands gradually regress over the first trimester, but still communicate with the intervillous space until at least 10 weeks. Hence, they could provide an important source of nutrients, growth factors and cytokines for the feto-placental unit. The endometrium may therefore play a greater role in regulating placental growth and differentiation post-implantation than previously appreciated.