A structural approach to selection bias
A structural approach to selection bias
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DOI：
10.1097/01.ede.0000135174.63482.43
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发表时间：
2004-09-01
期刊：
影响因子：
5.4
通讯作者：
Robins, JM
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Hernán, MA;Hernández-Díaz, S;Robins, JM
术语“选择偏倚”包括流行病学中的各种偏倚。我们描述了病例对照研究（例如，不适当的对照选择）和队列研究（例如，信息删失）中的选择偏倚的例子。我们认为，在每个例子中的偏见背后的因果结构基本上是相同的：条件2个变量的共同影响，其中一个是暴露或暴露的原因，另一个是结果或结果的原因。其他偏倚（例如，调整受既往暴露影响的变量）也存在这种结构。偏差的结构分类区分了由共同效应条件作用产生的偏差（“选择偏差”）和由暴露和结果的共同原因存在产生的偏差（“混杂”）。这种分类也导致了一种统一的方法来调整选择偏差。
The term "selection bias" encompasses various biases in epidemiology. We describe examples of selection bias in case-control studies (eg, inappropriate selection of controls) and cohort studies (eg, informative censoring). We argue that the causal structure underlying the bias in each example is essentially the same: conditioning on a common effect of 2 variables, one of which is either exposure or a cause of exposure and the other is either the outcome or a cause of the outcome. This structure is shared by other biases (eg, adjustment for variables affected by prior exposure). A structural classification of bias distinguishes between biases resulting from conditioning on common effects ("selection bias") and those resulting from the existence of common causes of exposure and outcome ("confounding"). This classification also leads to a unified approach to adjust for selection bias.