Chicks use changes in luminance and chromatic contrast as indicators of the sign of defocus.
Chicks use changes in luminance and chromatic contrast as indicators of the sign of defocus.
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DOI：
10.1167/12.6.23
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发表时间：
2012-06
影响因子：
1.8
通讯作者：
F. Rucker;J. Wallman
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
F. Rucker;J. Wallman
当眼睛改变焦点时，锥细胞对比度的变化与颜色和亮度的变化有关。颜色波动应模拟眼睛远视并使眼睛在近视方向上生长，而亮度波动应模拟近视并使眼睛在远视方向上生长。每天（上午9点至下午5点）暴露未配戴镜片的雏鸡。在连续两周的三天内，以2 Hz正弦调制照明（平均照度为680勒克斯）进行以下之一：同相调制亮度闪烁（LUM）、反相调制红色/绿色（R/G颜色）或蓝色/黄色闪烁（B/Y颜色）、组合的颜色和亮度闪烁（颜色+ LUM）、幅度减小的亮度闪烁（低LUM）或无闪烁。在三天暴露于闪烁之后，将小鸡在正常昼夜光照下保持在育雏器中四天。用超声波和Hartinger重合折射计（aus Jena，Jena，East德国.在第一个三天曝光后，亮度闪烁产生的远视屈光度（LUM：2.27 D）比颜色闪烁（R/G颜色：0.09 D; B/Y颜色：-0.25 D）更多。屈光的变化主要是由于眼长的变化，颜色闪烁比亮度闪烁产生更大的眼长变化（R/G颜色：102 μm; B/Y颜色：98 μm; LUM：66 μm）。我们的研究结果支持这一假设，即眼睛可以区分远视和近视散焦的基础上的亮度或颜色对比度的变化的影响。
As the eye changes focus, the resulting changes in cone contrast are associated with changes in color and luminance. Color fluctuations should simulate the eye being hyperopic and make the eye grow in the myopic direction, while luminance fluctuations should simulate myopia and make the eye grow in the hyperopic direction. Chicks without lenses were exposed daily (9 a.m. to 5 p.m.) for three days on two consecutive weeks to 2 Hz sinusoidally modulated illumination (mean illuminance of 680 lux) to one of the following: in-phase modulated luminance flicker (LUM), counterphase-modulated red/green (R/G Color) or blue/yellow flicker (B/Y Color), combined color and luminance flicker (Color + LUM), reduced amplitude luminance flicker (Low LUM), or no flicker. After the three-day exposure to flicker, chicks were kept in a brooder under normal diurnal lighting for four days. Changes in the ocular components were measured with ultrasound and with a Hartinger Coincidence Refractometer (aus Jena, Jena, East Germany. After the first three-day exposure, luminance flicker produced more hyperopic refractions (LUM: 2.27 D) than did color flicker (R/G Color: 0.09 D; B/Y Color: -0.25 D). Changes in refraction were mainly due to changes in eye length, with color flicker producing much greater changes in eye length than luminance flicker (R/G Color: 102 μm; B/Y Color: 98 μm; LUM: 66 μm). Our results support the hypothesis that the eye can differentiate between hyperopic and myopic defocus on the basis of the effects of change in luminance or color contrast.