Design and optimization of a wide dynamic range Programmable Power Supply for data center applications
Design and optimization of a wide dynamic range Programmable Power Supply for data center applications
复制标题
适用于数据中心应用的宽动态范围可编程电源的设计和优化
DOI：
10.1109/apec.2019.8722072
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发表时间：
2019
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
T. Brunschwiler
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
R. Christen;J. Smajic;A. Sridhar;T. Brunschwiler
高效率、高转换比和高功率密度的负载点(POL)电压调节模块(VRM)可以实现数据中心内CPU的密集集成，从而提高整体数据中心的能效。最先进的VRM已经相当小，并实现了高峰值效率。然而，考虑到这些VRM响应于数据中心不断变化的计算负载的可变额定负载电流，平坦的高效响应是更可取的。本文介绍了一种可编程电压调节模块，在宽负载动态范围内具有90%的效率响应。所提出的可编程电压调节模块是基于多相交错同步降压拓扑结构的。为了获得最适合这种拓扑的MOSFET技术，人们对不同的功率开关技术进行了广泛的探索。我们的设计空间探索还包括扫描电压转换比、无源元件和开关频率。最终完成的可编程电压调节模块使用分立的硅MOSFET，执行12-1 V DC-DC转换，工作负载范围为10-200 A，开关频率为200 kHz。VRM的实验特性表明，在10-200A的宽负载范围内，效率为92.2%，验证了设计仿真，最大相对误差为0.7%。
A point-of-load (PoL) voltage regulator module (VRM) with high efficiency, conversion ratio and power density can enable dense integration of CPUs in data centers, and subsequently increase the overall data center energy efficiency. State-of-the-art VRMs are already quite small and achieve high peak efficiencies. However, given the variable nominal load currents of these VRMs in response to changing computational loads of the data centers, a flat high-efficiency response is more desirable. This paper presents a programmable VRM with a flat < 90 % efficiency response over a wide load dynamic range. The proposed programmable VRM is based on multiphase interleaved synchronous buck topology with phase shedding. An extensive exploration of different power switch technologies has been performed in order to obtain the most suitable MOSFET technology for this topology. Our design space exploration also included sweeping the voltage conversion ratio, passive components and switching frequency. The finalized programmable VRM, using discrete Si-MOSFETs, performs a 12–1 V DC-DC conversion with an operating load range of 10 – 200 A and a switching frequency of 200 kHz. Experimental characterization of the VRM demonstrates an efficiency of 92.2 % across the wide load range of 10 – 200 A, confirming design simulations with a maximum relative error of 0.7 %.