SURVEY OF SPECIES-A AND SPECIES-B OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE GILES COMPLEX IN KISUMU AREA OF KENYA PRIOR TO INSECTICIDAL SPRAYING WITH OMS-43 (FENITROTHION)
SURVEY OF SPECIES-A AND SPECIES-B OF ANOPHELES-GAMBIAE GILES COMPLEX IN KISUMU AREA OF KENYA PRIOR TO INSECTICIDAL SPRAYING WITH OMS-43 (FENITROTHION)
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DOI：
10.1080/00034983.1975.11686988
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发表时间：
1975-01-01
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
PRADHAN, GD
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
JOSHI, GP;SERVICE, MW;PRADHAN, GD
材料与方法1972年1月至12月，在评价区若干村庄的小屋、隔离区以东3 ~ 9 km的Tiengre村和Kanyamedha村以及隔离区以西约6 km的Ramba村和Saradidi村采用除虫菊喷雾法采集冈比亚拟蚊群成虫。在4月至12月期间，还从几个村庄挖的露天坑中收集成年人。从从收容所收集到的几乎所有冈比亚疟蚊和从棚屋收集到的许多成年冈比亚疟蚊中提取了发育处于ii期晚期至IV期早期的吸血雌性疟蚊的卵巢。这些卵巢保存在正常的或改良的Carnoy固定液（French et al., 1962）中，放在家用冰箱中，然后在每个月末通过航空邮件发送到英国。在收到后的三到四周内对它们进行了检查，并通过卵巢护理细胞短XR多烯染色体的带带确定它们来自A或B种（Coluzzi, 1968）。最初，许多卵巢被储存在固定液中，放置在软木塞管中，其中的化学反应使卵巢变黑，因此染色体不可见。使用塑料塞子可以避免这种情况。另一个挫折是，原来的固定液使卵巢变硬，使染色体难以从护理细胞中释放出来，甚至更难扩散。通过将卵巢转移到50%的本体酸中约15分钟，可以部分克服这一问题，这导致卵巢肿胀并变成凝胶状（Green, 1970）。然后需要在2%的乳酸-乙酰-乙醇中染色约10分钟，但很少有制剂比随后在新一批改性卡诺伊溶液中新鲜固定的材料得到的效果好。几乎所有在坑洞里捕获的狼吞虎咽的雌性和10-16%在小屋里捕获的雌性的胃里的血都被涂在滤纸上，通过沉淀试验来识别血餐。对大多数在人工坑内捕获的雌性进行了唾液腺解剖，并对许多在室内通过除虫菊喷雾收集和在棚屋内进行人饵捕获的雌性进行了唾液腺解剖。
MATERIALS AND METHODSThroughout January to December 1972, adults of the A. gambiae complex were collected by pyrethrum spray sheet collections in huts in several villages in the evaluation area, and in the villages of Tiengre and Kanyamedha 3-9 km east of the barrier zone and in Ramba and Saradidi about 6 km west of the barrier zone, in an unsprayed comparison zone. During April to December there were also collections of adults from outdoor pit-shelters dug in several villages. The ovaries of blood-fed females, in which development was in late Stage Ill to early Stage IV, were removed from nearly all A. gambiae collected from the pitshelters and from many adults collected from huts. These ovaries were stored in normal, or modified, Carnoy's fixative (French et al., 1962) in a domestic refrigerator before they were despatched at the end of each month air mail to England. They were examined within three to four weeks of receipt and identified as coming from species A or B by the banding on the short XR polytene chromosomes of the ovarian nurse cells (Coluzzi, 1968). Initially many ovaries were stored in fixative in corked tubes in which a chemical reaction turned the ovaries black, so chromosomes could not be seen. By using plastic stoppers this was avoided. Another setback was that the original stock of fixative caused the ovaries to harden, making chromosomes difficult to release from the nurse cells and even more difficult to spread. This was partly overcome by transferring the ovaries to 50% proprionic acid for about 15 minutes, which caused them to swell and become gelatinous (Green, 1970). It was then necessary to stain in 2% lacto-aceto-orcein for about 10 minutes, but few of the preparations were as good as those obtained subsequently with material freshly fixed in a new batch of modified Carnoy's solution. Blood from the stomachs of nearly all the gorged females caught in the pit-shelters, and from 10-16% of those caught in huts, was smeared onto filter paper for identification of blood-meals by the precipitin test. Salivary gland dissections were made on most females caught in artificial pit-shelters, and on many caught indoors by pyrethrum spray collection and human bait catches performed inside huts from 19.00-07.00.