Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations
Spontaneous Symmetry Breaking, Self-Trapping, and Josephson Oscillations
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自发对称破缺、自陷和约瑟夫森振荡
DOI：
10.1007/10091_2012_20
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发表时间：
2013
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Billam T
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Billam T
近年来，人们在超冷温度下产生了由气态玻色-爱因斯坦凝聚体组成的亮类孤子结构。精确设计这些孤立波所经历的非线性和潜在景观的实验能力为孤立波结构的基础研究提供了一个有吸引力的平台。三个空间维度和陷阱的存在意味着这些是严格不同的对象，真正的孤子解决方案。在零温度平均场的描述下，我们探索了亮孤立波的解和稳定性，以及它们之间的相互作用。重点阐明了它们与真亮孤子的异同。在明亮的孤立波中引入了丰富的行为，包括崩溃不稳定性和非对称碰撞。我们回顾了迄今为止明亮孤立物质波的实验形成和观测，并与理论预测进行了比较。最后，我们讨论了一些专题方面，包括超越平均场的描述，对称性破缺，异国情调的明亮的孤波，并建议利用明亮的孤波干涉和表面探针。
In recent years, bright soliton-like structures composed of gaseous Bose–Einstein condensates have been generated at ultracold temperature. The experimental capacity to precisely engineer the nonlinearity and potential landscape experienced by these solitary waves offers an attractive platform for fundamental study of solitonic structures. The presence of three spatial dimensions and trapping implies that these are strictly distinct objects to the true soliton solutions. Working within the zero-temperature mean-field description, we explore the solutions and stability of bright solitary waves, as well as their interactions. Emphasis is placed on elucidating their similarities and differences to the true bright soliton. The rich behaviour introduced in the bright solitary waves includes the collapse instability and asymmetric collisions. We review the experimental formation and observation of bright solitary matter waves to date, and compare to theoretical predictions. Finally we discuss some topical aspects, including beyond-mean-field descriptions, symmetry breaking, exotic bright solitary waves, and proposals to exploit bright solitary waves in interferometry and as surface probes.