False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories
False recognition in younger and older adults: Exploring the characteristics of illusory memories
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DOI：
10.3758/bf03211328
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发表时间：
1997-11-01
影响因子：
2.4
通讯作者：
Schacter, DL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Norman, KA;Schacter, DL
Roediger和McDermott（1995）证明，当受试者听到一系列与一个本身没有呈现的“主题词”相关的词时，他们经常声称自己听到了研究列表上没有呈现的主题词。在实验1中，我们发现，要求受试者解释他们的记忆反应，通过写下他们在研究中对项目的演示所记得的内容，并没有显着减少对非呈现主题词的记忆错误警报率。我们还发现，老年人比年轻人更容易受到这种错误识别效应的影响。受试者的解释表明，真实和虚幻的记忆都主要由联想信息组成，而不是感官和上下文细节。在实验2中，我们获得了这一结论的定量证据，使用的范式中，被试被问到集中的问题，他们的回忆经验的内容。最后，我们发现，年轻人和老年人都回忆起更多的感官和上下文的细节与研究项目比nonpresented主题词，虽然这些差异在老年人不太明显。
Roediger and McDermott (1995) demonstrated that when subjects hear a list of associates to a ''theme word'' that has itself not been presented, they frequently claim to recollect having heard the nonpresented theme word on the study list. In Experiment 1, we found that asking subjects to explain their remember responses, by writing down exactly what they remembered about the item's presentation at study, did not significantly diminish the rate of remember false alarms to nonpresented theme words. We also found that older adults were relatively more susceptible than younger adults to this false-recognition effect. Subjects' explanations suggested that both veridical and illusory memories were predominantly composed of associative information as opposed to sensory and contextual detail. In Experiment 2, we obtained quantitative evidence for this conclusion, using a paradigm in which subjects were asked focused questions about the contents of their recollective experience. Lastly, we found that both younger and older adults recalled more sensory and contextual detail in conjunction with studied items than with nonpresented theme words, although these differences were less pronounced in older adults.