Essential roles of the sperm centrosome in human fertilization: developing the therapy for fertilization failure due to sperm centrosomal dysfunction.
Essential roles of the sperm centrosome in human fertilization: developing the therapy for fertilization failure due to sperm centrosomal dysfunction.
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DOI：
10.1620/tjem.220.247
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发表时间：
2010-04
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Y. Terada;G. Schatten;H. Hasegawa;N. Yaegashi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Y. Terada;G. Schatten;H. Hasegawa;N. Yaegashi
受精是一个漫长的过程，当雄性和雌性原核在卵母细胞细胞质中融合时达到顶峰。受精的最后阶段是由精子中心体介导的，它诱导微管组织形成第一有丝分裂纺锤体。尽管精子中心体起着至关重要的作用，但到目前为止，对精子中心体的功能分析还很少。在这里，我们回顾了关于人类受精过程中精子中心体功能的最新文献，以及人类精子中心体功能分析的发展。然后，我们解决了由中心体功能障碍导致的受精失败的各种挑战。对卵胞浆内单精子注射(ICSI)后未能完成受精的卵母细胞的细胞学分析表明，一些病例与精子中心体功能障碍有关。即使在其他哺乳动物的卵母细胞内，人类精子也可以组织精子架。这一性质已被用作评估中心体功能的一种手段。在一些畸形精子症患者中，精子确实显示出中心体功能受损的证据。关于克服精子中心体功能障碍引起的受精失败的一些临床和基本挑战已有报道。精子中心体在ICSI后的受精过程中起着重要作用，即在卵母细胞的细胞质内。下一代辅助生殖技术(ART)可能会包括对精子中心体功能的分析，以及旨在对抗精子中心体功能障碍的技术。
Fertilization is a lengthy process that culminates when the male and female pronuclei fuse in the oocyte cytoplasm. The final stage of fertilization is mediated by the sperm centrosome, which induces microtubule organization into the first mitotic spindle. Despite its critical role, only few functional analyses of the sperm centrosome have been performed until now. Here, we review the recent literature with regard to sperm centrosomal functions during human fertilization, as well as the development of functional assays for the human sperm centrosome. We then address various challenges for fertilization failure resulting from centrosomal dysfunction. Cytological analyses of oocytes that fail to complete fertilization following intracytoplasmic sperm injection (ICSI) have shown that some cases are associated with sperm centrosomal dysfunction. Human sperm can organize a sperm aster even within the oocytes of other mammals. This property has been utilized as a means of assessing the centrosome function. In some patients with teratozoospermia, the sperm does show evidence of impaired centrosomal function. Some clinical and basic challenges for overcoming the fertilization failure caused by sperm centrosomal dysfunction have been reported. The sperm centrosome plays an important role in the phase of the fertilization process after ICSI, i.e. within the oocyte's cytoplasm. The next generation of assisted reproductive technologies (ART) will likely incorporate analyses of sperm centrosomal function as well as techniques designed to counter sperm centrosome dysfunction.