Molecular mechanisms for mediating light-dependent nucleo/cytoplasmic partitioning of phytochrome photoreceptors.
Molecular mechanisms for mediating light-dependent nucleo/cytoplasmic partitioning of phytochrome photoreceptors.
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DOI：
10.1111/nph.13207
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发表时间：
2015-05
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Nagy F
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Klose C;Viczián A;Kircher S;Schäfer E;Nagy F
光感受器光敏色素监测光谱的红色/远红部分，以生物活性 Pfr（远红吸收）或非活性 Pr（红色吸收）形式存在，并作为红/远红光调节分子开关来调节植物发育和生长。光敏色素在细胞质中合成，光诱导 Pfr 构象异构体易位到细胞核中。光敏色素的核输入是一个受到高度监管的过程，并根据光的质量和数量进行微调。光敏色素 A (phyA) 和光敏色素 B (phyB) 似乎不具有活跃的内源性核输入信号 (NLS)，因此光诱导这些光感受器易位到细胞核中需要与其含有 NLS 的信号伙伴进行直接的蛋白质-蛋白质相互作用。各种光敏色素种类的亚细胞分配是由不同的分子机制介导的。 FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 1 (FHY1) 和 FHY1-LIKE (FHL) 促进 phyA 易位到细胞核中，但介导 phyB-E 进入细胞核的核转运促进子的身份仍然难以捉摸。位于细胞核中的光敏色素与特定的蛋白质复合物（称为光体）相关。这些结构的大小和分布受照射强度和持续时间的调节，间接证据表明它们参与微调光敏色素信号传导。
The photoreceptors phytochromes monitor the red/far-red part of the spectrum, exist in the biologically active Pfr (far-red absorbing) or inactive Pr (red absorbing) forms, and function as red/far-red light-regulated molecular switches to modulate plant development and growth. Phytochromes are synthesized in the cytoplasm, and light induces translocation of the Pfr conformer into the nucleus. Nuclear import of phytochromes is a highly regulated process and is fine-tuned by the quality and quantity of light. It appears that phytochrome A (phyA) and phytochrome B (phyB) do not possess active endogenous nuclear import signals (NLSs), thus light-induced translocation of these photoreceptors into the nucleus requires direct protein–protein interactions with their NLS-containing signaling partners. Sub-cellular partitioning of the various phytochrome species is mediated by different molecular machineries. Translocation of phyA into the nucleus is promoted by FAR-RED ELONGATED HYPOCOTYL 1 (FHY1) and FHY1-LIKE (FHL), but the identity of nuclear transport facilitators mediating the import of phyB-E into the nucleus remains elusive. Phytochromes localized in the nucleus are associated with specific protein complexes, termed photobodies. The size and distribution of these structures are regulated by the intensity and duration of irradiation, and circumstantial evidence indicates that they are involved in fine-tuning phytochrome signaling.
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