Institutionalising Technologies: Masculinities, Femininities, and the Heterosexual Economy of the IT Classroom
Institutionalising Technologies: Masculinities, Femininities, and the Heterosexual Economy of the IT Classroom
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技术制度化：男性气质、女性气质和 IT 课堂的异性经济
DOI：
10.1068/a3238
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发表时间：
2000
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
N. Bingham
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
S. Holloway;G. Valentine;N. Bingham
地理学家对机构重新产生兴趣，反映出传统上对机构塑造地理位置的方式的担忧，以及最近对地理位置在塑造机构方面的重要性的兴趣。在这篇论文中，作者在这第二方面工作的基础上，特别关注儿童在学校中使用新的信息和通信技术。作者认为，由官方学校政策、教师实践和学生文化塑造的多层次制度文化，在案例研究学校(和案例研究学校内部)形成独特的计算文化方面极其重要。这些机构文化的高度性别特征反映在男女学生对计算机的截然不同的态度以及普遍偏爱男孩而不是女孩的使用模式上。这些是通过在课堂环境中竞争的男性和女性，通过对异性恋的规范理解来表现的性别认同来协商的。两位作者的结论是，正如帕尔和菲罗所建议的那样，我们确实可以将这些机构描述为“不稳定的地理成就”。学校嵌入了更广泛的场所，是性别和性身份谈判的重要场所，作为空间，在一定程度上是由我们对性别和性行为的观念塑造的。这一成就只是岌岌可危，因为机构不会永远以目前的形式固化，而是可以在无意中或通过个人的协调行动进行改变。
Geographers' renewed interest in institutions reflects traditional concerns with the way institutions can shape geographies and a more recent interest in the ways geographies are important in shaping institutions. In this paper the authors build on this second strand of work and are specifically concerned with children's use of new information and communications technologies in schools. The authors suggest that multilayered institutional cultures, which are shaped by official school policy, teacher practice, and pupil culture, are exceedingly important in shaping distinct cultures of computing in (and within) the case-study schools. The highly gendered character of these institutional cultures is reflected in the very different attitudes of male and female pupils to computers and in the patterns of use which generally favour boys rather than girls. These are negotiated through competing masculinities and femininities in the classroom context, gender identities which are played out through normative understandings of heterosexuality. The authors conclude that we may indeed characterise institutions as ‘precarious geographical achievements’, as suggested by Parr and Philo. Schools are embedded within wider places, are important sites for the negotiation of gender and sexual identities, and, as spaces, are in part shaped through our notions of gender and sexuality. This achievement is only precarious as institutions are not forever solidified in their current form but are open to change, both inadvertently and through the concerted actions of individuals.