Functionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate about predator behaviour
Functionally referential alarm calls in noisy miners communicate about predator behaviour
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DOI：
10.1016/j.anbehav.2017.05.021
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发表时间：
2017-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
2.5
通讯作者：
Magrath, Robert D.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Cunningham, Sean;Magrath, Robert D.
许多脊椎动物会发出警报声，警告同类危险，有些物种甚至会交流捕食者的类型或行为，以便做出适当的反应。然而，这种“功能性参照”的交流仅在少数物种中进行了实验，需要证明个体对不同的威胁发出不同的声音，并且这些声音本身就足以促使听者表现得好像存在特定的威胁。我们进行了模型演示，声学分析和回放实验，以测试是否嘈杂的矿工，Manorina melanocephala的报警电话，功能参考。与地面或栖息的猛禽模型相比，矿工们对空中猛禽模型发出了不同的警报，甚至当鹰式滑翔机降落在地面时，他们会从“空中”警报呼叫切换到“库尔”警报呼叫。它们对这两种威胁的行为也不同，对空中威胁表现出回避，包括逃跑或冻结，但对地面威胁表现出威慑行为，包括警惕、接近和围攻。这两种警报呼叫类型是声学上不同的，并与活的捕食者的呼叫一致。视频的盲评分显示，鸟类对单独的警报呼叫的回放做出了适当的反应，通常是逃离空中警报呼叫，但变得警惕，接近并呼叫库尔呼叫。噪音矿工产生报警电话，因此满足两个标准的功能参考，从而成为少数鸟类中，这种呼吁已被证实。许多鸟类似乎给不同的电话，以空中捕食者相比，在围攻地面或固定的捕食者，所以功能参考警报可能是常见的，往往可以分类捕食者的行为，而不仅仅是他们的分类类型。(C)2017动物行为研究协会。由爱思唯尔有限公司出版。保留所有权利。
Many vertebrates have alarm calls that warn conspecifics about danger, and some species even communicate about the type of predator or its behaviour, allowing for appropriate responses. However, such 'functionally referential' communication has been shown experimentally in only a handful of species, and requires demonstrating that individuals give acoustically distinct calls to different threats, and that the calls alone are sufficient to prompt listeners to behave as if a specific threat is present. We carried out model presentations, acoustic analyses and a playback experiment to test whether the alarm calls of noisy miners, Manorina melanocephala, are functionally referential. Miners gave different calls to airborne raptor models compared to terrestrial or perched raptor models, and even switched from 'aerial' alarm calls to 'chur' alarm calls when a hawk glider landed on the ground. They also behaved differently to these two types of threats, showing avoidance to aerial threats, including fleeing or freezing, but deterrent behaviour to terrestrial threats, including vigilance, approach and mobbing. The two alarm call types were acoustically distinct, and consistent with calls to live predators. Blind scoring of video revealed that birds responded appropriately to playbacks of alarm calls alone, typically fleeing to aerial alarm calls yet becoming vigilant, approaching and calling to chur calls. Noisy miners produce alarm calls that therefore meet both criteria for functional reference, and thus become one of the few bird species in which such calls have been confirmed. Many birds appear to give different calls to airborne predators compared to during mobbing of terrestrial or stationary predators, so functionally referential alarms are likely to be common and may often categorize predators by their behaviour and not simply their taxonomic type. (C) 2017 The Association for the Study of Animal Behaviour. Published by Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.