Fluvial Responses to Small Scale Climate Changes
Fluvial Responses to Small Scale Climate Changes
复制标题
河流对小规模气候变化的反应
DOI：
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发表时间：
1984
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
J. Knox
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Knox
气候，无论是直接通过其表现为温度和降水，还是间接通过其对植被的影响，都是对各种地理过程的类型和强度的主要控制（Peltier 1950）。虽然在大多数工程实践中，传统上假设气候在一个稳定的长期平均条件下随机波动，但这种假设对于长期尺度是无效的，例如，在设计稳定的铀尾矿处置场时，需要考虑1000年或更长的时间尺度。气候变化对陆地表面的长期稳定性可能特别重要，因为控制地貌过程的自然事件的重复间隔在很大程度上取决于气候的直接和间接影响。本章的目的是说明气候如何影响控制河流地貌过程的水文事件的重现间隔，并表明地貌对气候变化的敏感性在不同的物理环境之间有很大的差异。由于全新世（冰后期）气候与现今气候有很大的差异，而且在许多地方，对全新世气候的地貌反应保存在沉积序列和相关地貌中，因此全新世记录可作为未来水文地貌对气候变化的潜在反应的有用指标。
Climate, either directly through its expression as temperature and precipitation or indirectly through its influence on vegetation is a major control on the type and intensity of the various geographic processes (Peltier 1950). Although it is traditional in most engineering practices to assume that climate fluctuates randomly about a stationary long-term mean condition, such an assumption is invalid for long-term scales such as, for example, in designing stable disposal sites for uranium mill tailings where time scales of 1000 years and longer are under concern. Changes of climate can be particularly significant to the long-term stability of a land surface because the recurrence intervals of natural events that control geomorphic processes have a strong dependency on the direct and indirect effects of climate. The purpose of this chapter is to illustrate how climate influences the recurrence intervals of hydrologic events that control fluvial geomorphic processes, and to show that landform sensitivity to climate change varies significantly between various physical environments. Since Holocene (post-glacial) climates have deviated significantly from present-day climates, and geomorphic responses to Holocene climates are in many places preserved in sedimentary sequences and related landforms, the Holocene record serves as a useful index of potential future hydrogeomorphic responses to climate change.