Plasma membrane transporters for arginine
Plasma membrane transporters for arginine
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DOI：
10.1093/jn/134.10.2752s
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发表时间：
2004-10-01
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Rotmann, A
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Closs, EI;Simon, A;Rotmann, A
精氨酸的供应可能成为使用这种半必需氨基酸作为底物的酶促反应的速率限制（例如，一氧化氮、胍丁胺、肌酸和尿素合成），特别是在高需求条件下，如生长、脓毒症或伤口愈合。此外，精氨酸作为一种信号分子，调节基本的细胞功能，如蛋白质合成，细胞凋亡和生长。在过去的十年中，已经在分子水平上鉴定了许多氨基酸的载体蛋白。它们属于不同的基因家族，表现出重叠，但独特的底物特异性，并可以进一步区分其要求的无机离子的共转运或反转运。这些转运蛋白中的一些起交换剂而不是单向转运剂的作用。因此，这些转运蛋白对氨基酸的摄取主要取决于细胞内底物的组成。因此，阳离子和中性氨基酸以及肽的转运蛋白之间存在复杂的串扰。本文简要回顾了目前的知识，哺乳动物质膜转运蛋白接受精氨酸作为底物。
The supply of arginine may become rate limiting for enzymatic reactions that use this semiessential amino acid as a substrate (e.g., nitric oxide, agmatine, creatine, and urea synthesis), particularly under conditions of high demand such as growth, sepsis, or wound healing. In addition, arginine acts as a signaling molecule that regulates essential cellular functions such as protein synthesis, apoptosis, and growth. In the past decade, a number of carrier proteins for amino acids have been identified on the molecular level. They belong to different gene families, exhibit overlapping but distinctive substrate specificities, and can further be distinguished by their requirement for the cotransport or countertransport of inorganic ions. A number of these transporters function as exchangers rather than uniporters. Uptake of amino acids by these transporters therefore depends largely on the intracellular substrate composition. Hence, there is a complex crosstalk between transporters for cationic and neutral amino acids as well as for peptides. This article briefly reviews current knowledge regarding mammalian plasma membrane transporters that accept arginine as a substrate.