Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities.
Linking rapid erosion of the Mekong River delta to human activities.
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DOI：
10.1038/srep14745
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发表时间：
2015-10-08
影响因子：
4.6
通讯作者：
Nguyen VL
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Anthony EJ;Brunier G;Besset M;Goichot M;Dussouillez P;Nguyen VL
随着国际社会对三角洲生存问题的日益关注，湄公河三角洲是世界第三大三角洲，人口稠密，被认为是东南亚最重要的食物篮，在世界范围内拥有丰富的生物多样性，也越来越多地受到人类活动的影响，并面临着沉降和海岸侵蚀的风险。在三角洲的上游已经建造了几座大坝，现在计划建造更多的大坝。我们从高分辨率SPOT 5卫星图像中量化了2003年至2012年期间大规模的海岸线侵蚀和土地流失，这些侵蚀和土地流失现在影响了超过50%的曾经强烈推进的>600公里长的三角洲海岸线。侵蚀，没有确定的变化，在河流的流量和波浪和风条件，在这最近的一段时间，是一致的：（1）报告的显着减少，沿海表面悬浮泥沙从湄公河，可能与大坝保留其沉积物，（2）大规模的商业采砂在河流和三角洲渠道，（3）由于地下水开采下沉。海岸线侵蚀已经造成沿海人口流离失所。这是对这个亚洲大三角洲完整性的又一个危险，现在被认为特别容易受到加速沉降和海平面上升的影响，未来的水电大坝将加剧这一危险。
As international concern for the survival of deltas grows, the Mekong River delta, the world’s third largest delta, densely populated, considered as Southeast Asia’s most important food basket, and rich in biodiversity at the world scale, is also increasingly affected by human activities and exposed to subsidence and coastal erosion. Several dams have been constructed upstream of the delta and many more are now planned. We quantify from high-resolution SPOT 5 satellite images large-scale shoreline erosion and land loss between 2003 and 2012 that now affect over 50% of the once strongly advancing >600 km-long delta shoreline. Erosion, with no identified change in the river’s discharge and in wave and wind conditions over this recent period, is consistent with: (1) a reported significant decrease in coastal surface suspended sediment from the Mekong that may be linked to dam retention of its sediment, (2) large-scale commercial sand mining in the river and delta channels, and (3) subsidence due to groundwater extraction. Shoreline erosion is already responsible for displacement of coastal populations. It is an additional hazard to the integrity of this Asian mega delta now considered particularly vulnerable to accelerated subsidence and sea-level rise, and will be exacerbated by future hydropower dams.