What remains after 2 months of starvation? Analysis of sequestered algae in a photosynthetic slug, Plakobranchus ocellatus (Sacoglossa, Opisthobranchia), by barcoding
What remains after 2 months of starvation? Analysis of sequestered algae in a photosynthetic slug, Plakobranchus ocellatus (Sacoglossa, Opisthobranchia), by barcoding
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DOI：
10.1007/s00425-012-1788-6
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发表时间：
2013-02-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.3
通讯作者：
Waegele, Heike
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Christa, Gregor;Wescott, Lily;Waegele, Heike
sacoglossan海蛞蝓，Plakobranchus ocellatus，是一种所谓的长期保留形式，它可以在几个月内与叶绿体结合，因此能够在保持光合作用活性的同时挨饿。关于这种囊舌藻的分类学和食物来源知之甚少，但有人认为，P. ocellatus是一个物种复合体，并以多种多样的石莼纲为食。特别是，我们分析了来自菲律宾的标本，并在各种光照条件下（高光，低光和黑暗）饥饿他们，并确定了藻类食物来源的物种依赖于饥饿时间和光处理的DNA条形码首次使用的组合的两个藻类叶绿体标记，rbcL和tufA。对来自不同地点的标本的可用CO1和16 S序列的比较表明，物种复合体可能具有四个不同的进化枝，但食物分析并没有表明所研究的进化枝在生态上分离为不同的觅食策略。两种藻类标记物的综合结果表明，总的来说，P. ocellatus具有广泛的食物谱，包括Halimeda，Caulerpa，Udotea，Acetabularia和其他未鉴定的藻类，重点是H.大裂目独立的饥饿和光照的持续时间，这种藻类和进一步的身份不明的Halimeda物种似乎是菲律宾的P. ocellatus的主要食物来源。这里显示，至少需要两个（或可能三个）条形码标记，以覆盖整个食品光谱在未来的分析Sacoglossa。
The sacoglossan sea slug, Plakobranchus ocellatus, is a so-called long-term retention form that incorporates chloroplasts for several months and thus is able to starve while maintaining photosynthetic activity. Little is known regarding the taxonomy and food sources of this sacoglossan, but it is suggested that P. ocellatus is a species complex and feeds on a broad variety of Ulvophyceae. In particular, we analysed specimens from the Philippines and starved them under various light conditions (high light, low light and darkness) and identified the species of algal food sources depending on starvation time and light treatment by means of DNA-barcoding using for the first time the combination of two algal chloroplast markers, rbcL and tufA. Comparison of available CO1 and 16S sequences of specimens from various localities indicate a species complex with likely four distinct clades, but food analyses do not indicate an ecological separation of the investigated clades into differing foraging strategies. The combined results from both algal markers suggest that, in general, P. ocellatus has a broad food spectrum, including members of the genera Halimeda, Caulerpa, Udotea, Acetabularia and further unidentified algae, with an emphasis on H. macroloba. Independent of the duration of starvation and light exposure, this algal species and a further unidentified Halimeda species seem to be the main food source of P. ocellatus from the Philippines. It is shown here that at least two (or possibly three) barcode markers are required to cover the entire food spectrum in future analyses of Sacoglossa.