The Economic Effects of the Abolition of Serfdom: Evidence from the Russian Empire
The Economic Effects of the Abolition of Serfdom: Evidence from the Russian Empire
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废除农奴制的经济影响：来自俄罗斯帝国的证据
DOI：
10.2139/ssrn.2514964
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发表时间：
2017
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Natalya Naumenko
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Natalya Naumenko
我们记录了1861年废除农奴制后，俄罗斯帝国的农业生产力、工业产量和农民营养的大幅提高。解放前，农奴占农业劳动力多数的省份落后于主要依靠自由劳动力的省份。解放导致了一个重要但部分的追赶。由于棘轮效应的停止而产生的对农民更好的激励可能是改革对农业生产率产生相对较快的正效应的机制。土地改革在解放后建立了公有土地所有制，削弱了再分配公社的生产力增长。
We document substantial increases in agricultural productivity, industrial output, and peasants' nutrition in Imperial Russia as a result of the abolition of serfdom in 1861. Before the emancipation, provinces where serfs constituted the majority of agricultural laborers lagged behind provinces that primarily relied on free labor. The emancipation led to a significant but partial catch up. Better incentives of peasants resulting from the cessation of ratchet effect were a likely mechanism behind a relatively fast positive effect of reform on agricultural productivity. The land reform, which instituted communal land tenure after the emancipation, diminished growth in productivity in repartition communes.