Exposing Racial Discrimination: Implicit & Explicit Measures-The My Body, My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black & White Community Health Center Members
Exposing Racial Discrimination: Implicit & Explicit Measures-The My Body, My Story Study of 1005 US-Born Black & White Community Health Center Members
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DOI：
10.1371/journal.pone.0027636
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发表时间：
2011-11-18
期刊：
影响因子：
3.7
通讯作者：
Samuel, Latrice
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Krieger, Nancy;Waterman, Pamela D.;Samuel, Latrice
背景资料：迄今为止，关于种族歧视和健康的研究通常采用明确的自我报告措施，尽管这些措施可能受到人们能够和愿意说的话的影响。因此，我们采用了内隐联想测试（IAT）的种族歧视，首次开发和使用在最近发表的两项研究，并测量了显式和隐式歧视措施与彼此，社会经济和心理社会变量，吸烟的关联。方法/主要结果：在2008-2010年从马萨诸塞州波士顿的4个社区卫生中心随机招募的504名黑人和501名白色美国出生的参与者中，年龄在35-64岁之间，黑人参与者在经济上更糟糕的可能性超过1.5倍（p < 0.05）（e.例如，在一个实施例中，贫困和教育程度低），社会期望得分较高（43.8比28.2）;根据所使用的衡量标准，他们遭受的显性歧视也高出2.5至3.7倍（p < 0.05），超过60%的人报告在过去一年内在3个或更多领域遭受歧视。黑人与白色参与者在目标与歧视者之间的IAT得分较高：“黑人与白色人”：0.26比0.13;“我与他们”：0.24比0.19。在这两组中，只有低的非显着相关性之间存在的内隐和外显的歧视措施，社会可取性显着相关的显着，但不内隐的措施。尽管显性或隐性的歧视措施都与目前吸烟的几率无关，但黑人参与者的额外风险（控制年龄和性别）上升的模型，也控制了种族歧视和社会心理变量;额外的控制社会经济地位急剧下降，并使该协会无效。种族歧视的隐性和显性衡量标准并不等同，两者都有必要与关于社会经济地位和社会可取性的数据一起，沿着用于关于种族歧视和健康的研究。
Background: To date, research on racial discrimination and health typically has employed explicit self-report measures, despite their potentially being affected by what people are able and willing to say. We accordingly employed an Implicit Association Test (IAT) for racial discrimination, first developed and used in two recent published studies, and measured associations of the explicit and implicit discrimination measures with each other, socioeconomic and psychosocial variables, and smoking.Methodology/Principal Findings: Among the 504 black and 501 white US-born participants, age 35-64, randomly recruited in 2008-2010 from 4 community health centers in Boston, MA, black participants were over 1.5 times more likely (p < 0.05) to be worse off economically (e. g., for poverty and low education) and have higher social desirability scores (43.8 vs. 28.2); their explicit discrimination exposure was also 2.5 to 3.7 times higher (p < 0.05) depending on the measure used, with over 60% reporting exposure in 3 or more domains and within the last year. Higher IAT scores for target vs. perpetrator of discrimination occurred for the black versus white participants: for "black person vs. white person": 0.26 vs. 0.13; and for "me vs. them": 0.24 vs. 0.19. In both groups, only low non-significant correlations existed between the implicit and explicit discrimination measures; social desirability was significantly associated with the explicit but not implicit measures. Although neither the explicit nor implicit discrimination measures were associated with odds of being a current smoker, the excess risk for black participants (controlling for age and gender) rose in models that also controlled for the racial discrimination and psychosocial variables; additional control for socioeconomic position sharply reduced and rendered the association null.Conclusions: Implicit and explicit measures of racial discrimination are not equivalent and both warrant use in research on racial discrimination and health, along with data on socioeconomic position and social desirability.