Effects of pharmaceuticals on Daphnia survival, growth, and reproduction
Effects of pharmaceuticals on Daphnia survival, growth, and reproduction
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DOI：
10.1016/j.chemosphere.2005.02.016
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发表时间：
2005-10-01
期刊：
影响因子：
8.8
通讯作者：
Dodson, SI
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Flaherty, CM;Dodson, SI
在全球地表沃茨中检测到了药物，这些具有生物活性、无处不在的化学品对生态的影响在很大程度上是未知的。为了评估单个药物和混合物的水生毒性，我们进行了单一物种的实验室毒性试验与大型蚤，一种常见的淡水浮游动物。我们进行了急性（6天）和慢性（30天）暴露药物生物测定，并评估了成虫和新生儿的存活率和形态、成虫长度、静息卵产量、育雏大小（繁殖力）以及雄性育雏的比例（性别比）。一般来说，接触1-100微克/升范围内的单一药物对水蚤的正常生命过程没有明显影响。然而，慢性氟西汀暴露（36微克/升）显着增加水蚤繁殖力，和急性氯贝酸暴露（10微克/升）显着增加性别比。氟西汀（36 μ g/l）和氯贝酸（100 μ g/l）的混合物导致显著的死亡率;相同浓度的氟西汀与10 μ g/l氯贝酸的混合物导致显著的畸形，包括畸形的甲壳和游泳刚毛。三至五种抗生素的混合物（总抗生素浓度为30-500微克/升）引起水蚤性别比例的变化。我们得出结论：（1）单独的药物和药物混合物影响大型蚤的正常发育和繁殖，（2）与单独的药物作用相比，药物混合物的水生毒性是不可预测和复杂的，（3）药物暴露的时间和持续时间影响水生毒性。(C)2005爱思唯尔有限公司保留所有权利。
Pharmaceuticals have been globally detected in surface waters, and the ecological impacts of these biologically-active, ubiquitous chemicals are largely unknown. To evaluate the aquatic toxicity of individual pharmaceuticals and mixtures, we performed single species laboratory toxicity tests with Daphnia magna, a common freshwater zooplankton. We conducted acute (6-day) and chronic (30-day) exposure pharmaceutical bioassays and evaluated survivorship and morphology of adults and neonates, adult length, resting egg production, brood size (fecundity), and the proportion of male broods produced (sex ratio). In general, exposure to a single pharmaceutical in the 1-100 mu g/l range yielded no apparent effects on the normal life processes of Daphnia. However, chronic fluoxetine exposure (36 mu g/l) significantly increased Daphnia fecundity, and acute clofibric acid exposure (10 mu g/l) significantly increased sex ratio. A mixture of fluoxetine (36 mu g/l) and clofibric acid (100 mu g/l) caused significant mortality; the same fluoxetine concentration mixed with 10 mu g/l clofibric acid resulted in significant deformities, including malformed carapaces and swimming setae. Mixtures of three to five antibiotics (total antibiotic concentration 30-500 mu g/l) elicited changes in Daphnia sex ratio. We conclude: (1) individual and mixtures of pharmaceuticals affect normal development and reproduction of Daphnia magna, (2) aquatic toxicity of pharmaceutical mixtures can be unpredictable and complex compared to individual pharmaceutical effects, and (3) timing and duration of pharmaceutical exposure influence aquatic toxicity. (C) 2005 Elsevier Ltd. All rights reserved.