Cell wall structure of E . coli and B . subtilis
Cell wall structure of E . coli and B . subtilis
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E 的细胞壁结构。
DOI：
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发表时间：
2012
期刊：
影响因子：
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通讯作者：
Hiroki Yamamoto
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
J. Sekiguchi;Hiroki Yamamoto
大肠杆菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的肽聚糖结构相似，除了一些细微的修改外，但壁蛋白（细胞壁）结构却截然不同，因为主要细胞壁成分阴离子聚合物不附着在大肠杆菌的肽聚糖上，而是附着在枯草芽孢杆菌的肽聚糖上。枯草芽孢杆菌细胞壁的厚度和大肠杆菌中外膜的存在是细胞壁的其他重要差异。在大肠杆菌中，胞壁质水解酶具有多种功能，例如与肽聚糖生物合成、细胞分离、修饰和细胞壁成分的回收/周转相关。在枯草芽孢杆菌中，其他多种功能包括与细胞裂解、细胞运动、原噬菌体诱导的自溶、能力、接合、侧肽聚糖扩增/修饰以及孢子形成和萌发相关。综述了肽聚糖水解酶和细胞壁回收酶的酶学性质和功能。此外，还全面描述了阴离子聚合物（磷壁酸、磷壁酸和脂磷壁酸）的功能和生物合成。
The structure of peptidoglycans of Escherichia coli and Bacillus subtilis is similar except for a few minor modifications, but murein (cell wall) structures are extremely different because the major cell wall constituents, anionic polymers, are not attached to peptidoglycans of E. coli but are attached to those of B. subtilis. Thickness of the cell walls in B. subtilis and the presence of an outer membrane in E. coli are other important differences in the cell wall. In E. coli, murein hydrolases have several functions such as being associated with peptidoglycan biosynthesis, cell separation, modification and recycling/turnover of the cell wall components. In B. subtilis, further various functions include association with cell lysis, cell motility, prophage-induced autolysis, competence, conjugation, lateral peptidoglycan expansion/modification, and sporulation and germination. Enzymatic properties and functions of peptidoglycan hydrolases and cell wall recycling enzymes are reviewed. Moreover, functions and biosynthesis of anionic polymers (teichoic acid, teichuronic acid, and lipoteichoic acid) are fully described.