Sex differences in outcome and recovery for schizophrenia and other psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders.
Sex differences in outcome and recovery for schizophrenia and other psychotic and nonpsychotic disorders.
复制标题
精神分裂症和其他精神病性和非精神病性障碍的结果和恢复的性别差异。
DOI：
10.1176/ps.2006.57.6.844
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发表时间：
2006
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Faull,Robert
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Grossman,LindaS;Harrow,Martin;Rosen,Cherise;Faull,Robert
精神病学领域普遍认为，患有精神分裂症的女性患者比男性患者有更好的预后和更高的康复率，因为许多关于该主题的研究都支持这一发现。可用于评估其他精神障碍患者之间潜在性别差异的数据较少。本研究使用了以前该领域无法获得的性别差异纵向数据，以检查精神分裂症、其他精神障碍和非精神障碍的长期全球结果、潜在恢复、病程和再住院情况。方法对239例青年精神病患者（平均23.4岁）在指数住院时进行前瞻性评估，并在5个随访点（平均2年、4.5年、7.5年、10年、15年）随访15年。样本包括69名精神分裂症患者，56名其他精神病诊断患者，114名非精神病性精神障碍患者。结果精神分裂症患者和其他精神疾病患者的预后存在性别差异，随着时间的推移，女性始终表现出更好的功能，更频繁的功能良好期和恢复期，一致的不良预后的可能性更小，再住院的次数更少，时间更短。与两组精神病患者不同，非精神病患者在结果上没有显着的性别差异。结论：从纵向和每个单独的随访点来看，数据表明患有精神分裂症和其他类型精神障碍的女性通常比患有类似诊断的男性表现出更好的结果。精神分裂症患者预后的性别差异一直是一致的。然而，与诊断组之间结果的较大差异相比，这些性别差异只是适度的。纵向数据为之前的研究增加了一个新的维度，并表明结果的性别差异并不局限于精神分裂症患者，而是普遍存在于精神障碍患者中。（精神科服务57:844 - 850,2006）
ObjectiveIt is generally believed by the field of psychiatry that women with schizophrenia have better outcomes and higher rates of recovery than their male counterparts, because many studies on the topic support this finding. Fewer data are available to assess potential sex differences among individuals with other psychotic disorders. This study used longitudinal data on sex differences previously unavailable to the field to examine long-term global outcome, potential recovery, course of illness, and rehospitalization for schizophrenia, other psychotic disorders, and nonpsychotic disorders.MethodsA total of 239 young psychiatric patients (mean age of 23.4 years) were assessed prospectively at the index hospitalization and then followed over 15 years at five follow-up points (at a mean of two, 4.5, 7.5, ten, and 15 years). The sample consisted of 69 patients with schizophrenia, 56 with other psychotic diagnoses, and 114 with nonpsychotic psychiatric disorders.ResultsSex differences in outcome were found for both patients with schizophrenia and those with other psychotic disorders, with women consistently showing better functioning over time, more frequent periods of good functioning and periods of recovery, less likelihood of uniformly poor outcome, and fewer and shorter rehospitalizations. Unlike both groups of patients who were psychotic, the patients with nonpsychotic disorders showed no significant sex differences in outcome.ConclusionsBoth longitudinally and at each individual follow-up point, the data suggest that women with schizophrenia and with other types of psychotic disorders generally show better outcome than men with similar diagnoses. The sex differences in outcome for patients with schizophrenia were consistent over time. However, these sex differences were only moderate in size compared with the much larger difference in outcome between the diagnostic groups. The longitudinal data add a new dimension to previous research and suggest that sex differences in outcome are not specific to patients with schizophrenia but rather occur among patients with psychotic disorders in general.(Psychiatric Services 57: 844–850, 2006)