Contractile Physiology of Lymphatics
Contractile Physiology of Lymphatics
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DOI：
10.1089/lrb.2009.0007
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发表时间：
2009-01-01
影响因子：
1.4
通讯作者：
Zawieja, David C.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Zawieja, David C.
淋巴系统在体液调节、大分子体内平衡、脂质吸收和免疫功能中具有重要作用。为了完成这些任务，淋巴管必须将液体及其其他内容物（大分子、脂质/乳糜微粒、免疫细胞）从淋巴结通过淋巴管、穿过淋巴结并进入大静脉。因此，淋巴管系统的主要任务是运输。身体必须通过泵送机制将能量传递给淋巴，以推动淋巴沿着淋巴网络，并使用泵和阀来产生淋巴流并防止其回流。淋巴系统利用依赖于周围组织力对淋巴管的周期性压缩和扩张的外源性泵和依赖于淋巴肌的内在快速/阶段性收缩的内源性泵。内在淋巴泵功能可以通过神经、体液和物理因素进行调节。通常，增加的淋巴压力/肌肉淋巴管的拉伸激活内在淋巴泵，而肌肉淋巴管中增加的淋巴流量/剪切可以激活或抑制内在淋巴泵，这取决于流量的模式和大小。为了调节淋巴运输，必须控制淋巴泵和阻力。更好地了解这些机制可以为淋巴功能障碍的更好诊断和治疗方式的发展提供基础。
The lymphatic system has important roles in body fluid regulation, macromolecular homeostasis, lipid absorption, and immune function. To accomplish these roles, lymphatics must move fluid and its other contents (macromolecules, lipids/chylomicra, immune cells) from the interstitium through the lymphatics, across the nodes, and into the great veins. Thus, the principal task of the lymphatic vascular system is transport. The body must impart energy to the lymph via pumping mechanisms to propel it along the lymphatic network and use pumps and valves to generate lymph flow and prevent its backflow. The lymphatic system utilizes both extrinsic pumps, which rely on the cyclical compression and expansion of lymphatics by surrounding tissue forces, and intrinsic pumps, which rely on the intrinsic rapid/phasic contractions of lymphatic muscle. The intrinsic lymph pump function can be modulated by neural, humoral, and physical factors. Generally, increased lymph pressure/stretch of the muscular lymphatics activates the intrinsic lymph pump, while increased lymph flow/shear in the muscular lymphatics can either activate or inhibit the intrinsic lymph pump depending on the pattern and magnitude of the flow. To regulate lymph transport, lymphatic pumping and resistance must be controlled. A better understanding of these mechanisms could provide the basis for the development of better diagnostic and treatment modalities for lymphatic dysfunction.