Policies and characteristics of the preschool environment and physical activity of young children.
Policies and characteristics of the preschool environment and physical activity of young children.
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DOI：
10.1542/peds.2008-2498
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发表时间：
2009-02
期刊：
影响因子：
8
通讯作者：
Pate, Russell R
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Dowda, Marsha;Brown, William H;McIver, Kerry L;Pfeiffer, Karin A;O'Neill, Jennifer R;Addy, Cheryl L;Pate, Russell R
儿童参加的学前教育影响他们的身体活动水平。但是，很少有人知道学前教育的哪些特点可能会影响儿童的身体活动。本研究的目的是探讨学前教育的政策和特点，以及它们在多大程度上影响了3至5岁儿童在学龄前一天的身体活动。来自20所学龄前学校的共计299名儿童佩戴ActiGraph（彭萨科拉，佛罗里达州）加速度计，平均每天8.1小时（SD=1.5），持续5.5天（SD=2.1）。一名研究人员完成了幼儿环境评级量表修订版（ECERS-R）为每个学前班访问质量。教室和操场进行了测量，学前教育主任接受了有关体育活动政策的采访。对于每个政策或特征，学龄前儿童被分为两组，根据特征/政策是否被假定为促进体力活动（PPA）或不促进体力活动（NPA）。在质量分数较高、固定游乐场设备较少、便携式游乐场设备较多、电子媒体使用较少和游乐场较大的学龄前学校，儿童每小时久坐活动的时间较少，每小时进行中度至剧烈体力活动（MVPA）的时间较多。五所幼儿园具有所有这五个特征，与其他幼儿园的儿童相比，这些幼儿园的儿童每小时的MVPA分钟数显著较高，每小时的久坐分钟数较低。所有幼儿园都可以通过提供廉价的便携式游乐场设备，限制使用固定设备的儿童人数和同一时间在游乐场的儿童人数，以及限制电子媒体的使用来鼓励体育活动。在前五名促进身体活动的幼儿园中，儿童每天积累的MVPA超过60分钟，而其他幼儿园的儿童每天积累的MVPA不到60分钟。
The preschools that children attend influence their physical activity level. But, little is known about which characteristics of a preschool may influence the physical activity of children. The purpose of this study was to examine policies and characteristics of preschools and the extent to which they influence the physical activity of 3- to 5-year-old children during the preschool day. A total of 299 children from 20 preschools wore ActiGraph (Pensacola, FL) accelerometers an average of 8.1 hours (SD=1.5) per day for 5.5 days (SD=2.1). A researcher completed the Early Childhood Environment Rating Scale-Revised Edition (ECERS-R) for each preschool to access quality. Classrooms and playgrounds were measured, and the preschool director was interviewed about physical activity policies. For each policy or characteristic, preschools were divided into two groups based on whether or not the characteristic/policy was presumed to promote physical activity (PPA) or not promote physical activity (NPA). Children spent fewer minutes per hour in sedentary activity and more minutes per hour in moderate-to-vigorous physical activity (MVPA) in preschools that had higher quality scores, less fixed playground equipment, more portable playground equipment, lower electronic media use, and larger playgrounds. Five preschools had all five of these characteristics, and children in those preschools had significantly higher MVPA minutes per hour and lower sedentary minutes per hour compared to children in the other preschools. All preschools can encourage physical activity by providing inexpensive portable playground equipment, limiting the number of children using fixed equipment and the number of children on the playground at one time, and limiting electronic media use. Children in the top five physical activity promoting preschools accumulated more than 60 minutes per day of MVPA as compared to the children in the other preschools who accumulated less than 60 minutes per day of MVPA.