Quantification of Social Behavior in D. discoideum Reveals Complex Fixed and Facultative Strategies
Quantification of Social Behavior in D. discoideum Reveals Complex Fixed and Facultative Strategies
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DOI：
10.1016/j.cub.2009.06.058
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发表时间：
2009-08-25
期刊：
影响因子：
9.2
通讯作者：
Thompson, Christopher R. L.
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Buttery, Neil J.;Rozen, Daniel E.;Thompson, Christopher R. L.
了解维持合作需要了解作弊者的本质以及用于减轻其影响的策略。然而，通常很难确定作弊或社会成功差异是如何产生的。例如，作弊者可能会采用不同的策略（例如，固定策略和兼性策略），而社交场合中不平等适应性的其他原因可能会导致不作弊的赢家和输家。为了解决这些问题，我们量化了盘基网柄菌自然发生的基因型在嵌合子实体（由死亡的茎细胞和活孢子组成）形成过程中的社会成功。我们证明，嵌合体中孢子形成的明显竞争优势等级部分是由于固定策略，其中基因型表现出显着不同的孢子分配。然而，我们也发现了复杂、可变的兼性策略，其中基因型改变了它们在嵌合体中的分配。通过确定这些变化的幅度和方向，我们将兼性作弊分为两种形式：（1）通过自私行为（“自我推销”）促进个体适应度和（2）强迫其他基因型合作行动。我们的结果证明并定义了盘状 D. discoideum 分离株之间的社会相互作用，从而为遗传机制的研究提供了概念框架；是社会进化的基础。
Understanding the maintenance of cooperation requires an understanding of the nature of cheaters and the strategies used to mitigate their effects. However, it is often difficult to determine how cheating or differential social success has arisen. For example, cheaters may employ different strategies (e.g., fixed and facultative), whereas other causes of unequal fitness in social situations can result in winners and losers without cheating. To address these problems, we quantified the social success of naturally occurring genotypes of Dictyostelium discoideum during the formation of chimeric fruiting bodies, consisting of dead stalk cells and viable spores. We demonstrate that an apparent competitive dominance hierarchy of spore formation in chimera is partly due to a fixed strategy where genotypes exhibit dramatically different spore allocations. However, we also find complex, variable facultative strategies, where genotypes change their allocation in chimera. By determining the magnitude and direction of these changes, we partition facultative cheating into two forms: (1) promotion of individual fitness through selfish behaviour ("self-promotion") and (2) coercion of other genotypes to act cooperatively. Our results demonstrate and define social interactions between D. discoideum isolates,thus providing a conceptual framework for the study of the genetic mechanisms; that underpin social evolution.