Four billion people facing severe water scarcity.
Four billion people facing severe water scarcity.
复制标题
DOI：
10.1126/sciadv.1500323
复制
发表时间：
2016-02
期刊：
影响因子：
13.6
通讯作者：
Hoekstra AY
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Mekonnen MM;Hoekstra AY
考虑到环境流量要求，以高空间和时间分辨率进行全球水资源短缺评估。淡水短缺日益被视为一种全球系统性风险。以往的全球水资源短缺评估每年都对水资源短缺情况进行衡量，由于未能反映水资源消费和供应的季节性波动，因此低估了水资源短缺的情况。我们每月以高空间分辨率评估全球蓝色水资源稀缺情况。我们发现，全球三分之二的人口（40亿人）一年中至少有一个月生活在严重缺水的条件下。这些人中有近一半生活在印度和中国。全世界有5亿人常年面临严重的缺水问题。限制河流流域的用水量、提高用水效率以及更好地分享有限的淡水资源，将是减少缺水对生物多样性和人类福祉构成威胁的关键。
Global water scarcity assessment at a high spatial and temporal resolution, accounting for environmental flow requirements. Freshwater scarcity is increasingly perceived as a global systemic risk. Previous global water scarcity assessments, measuring water scarcity annually, have underestimated experienced water scarcity by failing to capture the seasonal fluctuations in water consumption and availability. We assess blue water scarcity globally at a high spatial resolution on a monthly basis. We find that two-thirds of the global population (4.0 billion people) live under conditions of severe water scarcity at least 1 month of the year. Nearly half of those people live in India and China. Half a billion people in the world face severe water scarcity all year round. Putting caps to water consumption by river basin, increasing water-use efficiencies, and better sharing of the limited freshwater resources will be key in reducing the threat posed by water scarcity on biodiversity and human welfare.