RNA interference pathways in filamentous fungi.
RNA interference pathways in filamentous fungi.
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DOI：
10.1007/s00018-010-0471-y
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发表时间：
2010-11
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
Liu Y
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
Li L;Chang SS;Liu Y
RNA干扰是一种保守的真核同源依赖的转录后基因沉默机制。丝状真菌粗糙脉孢菌是最早用于 RNAi 研究的生物体之一。不配对 DNA 抑制和减数分裂沉默 (MSUD) 是在脉孢菌中发现的两种与 RNAi 相关的现象，它们的表征对我们对真核生物中 RNAi 机制的理解做出了重大贡献。最近，在粗糙脉孢菌中发现了一种DNA损伤诱导的小RNA、类microRNA小RNA和不依赖Dicer的小沉默RNA，它们可以调节基因表达。此外，至少有六种不同的途径负责产生这些小RNA，表明这种真菌是研究小RNA功能和生物发生的重要模型系统。在其他丝状真菌如冷菌和曲霉中的RNAi研究证明RNAi在抗病毒防御中发挥着重要作用，并且RNAi机制在丝状真菌中广泛保守，RNAi已被普遍用作研究基因功能的有效工具。 M. circinelloides内源小RNA的发现进一步表明真核生物RNAi领域的丰富性和复杂性。
RNA interference is a conserved eukaryotic homology-dependent post-transcriptional gene silencing mechanism. The filamentous fungus Neurospora crassa is one of the first organisms used for RNAi studies. Quelling and Meiotic Silencing by Unpaired DNA (MSUD) are two RNAi related phenomena discovered in Neurospora and their characterizations have contributed significantly to our understanding of RNAi mechanisms in eukaryotes. More recently, a type of DNA damage-induced small RNA, microRNA-like small RNAs and Dicer-independent small silencing RNAs have been discovered in Neurospora crassa which can regulate gene expression. In addition, there are at least six different pathways responsible for the production of these small RNAs, indicating that this fungus is an important model system to study small RNA function and biogenesis. The RNAi studies in other filamentous fungi such as Cryphonectria paracitica and Aspergillus provide evidences that RNAi plays an important role in antiviral defense and RNAi mechanism is widely conserved in filamentous fungi, and RNAi has been commonly used as an efficient tool for studying the gene function. The discovery of the endogenous small RNAs from M. circinelloides further indicates the richness and complex of the RNAi field in eukaryotes.