Spatial-temporal three-dimensional ultrasound plane-by-plane active cavitation mapping for high-intensity focused ultrasound in free field and pulsatile flow
Spatial-temporal three-dimensional ultrasound plane-by-plane active cavitation mapping for high-intensity focused ultrasound in free field and pulsatile flow
复制标题
自由场和脉动流中高强度聚焦超声的时空三维超声逐平面主动空化映射
DOI：
10.1016/j.ultras.2016.04.010
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发表时间：
2016-07-01
期刊：
影响因子：
4.2
通讯作者：
Wan, Mingxi
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Ding, Ting;Hu, Hong;Wan, Mingxi
空化在几乎所有高强度聚焦超声 (HIFU) 应用中都发挥着重要作用。然而，当前的二维 (2D) 空化映射只能提供一个平面内的空化活动。本研究提出了一种用于自由场和脉动流中 HIFU 的三维 (3D) 超声逐平面主动空化映射 (3D-UPACM)。通过顺序逐平面 2D 超快主动空化映射来采集 3D 空间中的通道域原始射频 (RF) 数据。在两个相邻的单元位置之间，有一段等待时间，使液体的空化核分布恢复到原来的状态。相当于一次检测到的整个体积的 3D 空化图可以通过 Marching Cube 算法重建。最小方差 (MV) 自适应波束形成与相干因子 (CF) 加权 (MVCF) 或压缩感知 (CS) 方法 (MVCS) 相结合来处理原始 RF 数据，以改进波束形成或更快速的数据处理。 3D-UPACM 的可行性在自来水和脉动流模型容器中得到了证明。空化气泡云的时间演化之间的时间间隔可能是几微秒。与B模主动空化映射相比，MVCF波束形成器的信噪比（SNR）提高了14.17 dB，横向和轴向分辨率分别为2.88倍和1.88倍。 MVCS 波束形成器的时间损失仅为 MVCF 波束形成器的 14.94%。这种3D-UPACM技术采用当前超声诊断系统的线性阵列而不是2D阵列换能器以降低仪器的成本。此外，尽管该应用受到对气态流体介质或持续供应新空化核（允许在 HIFU 暴露之间补充核）的要求的限制，但该技术可能在 HIFU 3D 空化映射中展示出一种有用的工具，具有高速、高精度和分辨率，特别是在受控条件下可能需要更仔细分析的实验室环境中。 (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. 保留所有权利。
Cavitation plays important roles in almost all high-intensity focused ultrasound (HIFU) applications. However, current two-dimensional (2D) cavitation mapping could only provide cavitation activity in one plane. This study proposed a three-dimensional (3D) ultrasound plane-by-plane active cavitation mapping (3D-UPACM) for HIFU in free field and pulsatile flow. The acquisition of channel-domain raw radio-frequency (RF) data in 3D space was performed by sequential plane-by-plane 2D ultrafast active cavitation mapping. Between two adjacent unit locations, there was a waiting time to make cavitation nuclei distribution of the liquid back to the original state. The 3D cavitation map equivalent to the one detected at one time and over the entire volume could be reconstructed by Marching Cube algorithm. Minimum variance (MV) adaptive beamforming was combined with coherence factor (CF) weighting (MVCF) or compressive sensing (CS) method (MVCS) to process the raw RF data for improved beamforming or more rapid data processing. The feasibility of 3D-UPACM was demonstrated in tap-water and a phantom vessel with pulsatile flow. The time interval between temporal evolutions of cavitation bubble cloud could be several microseconds. MVCF beamformer had a signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) at 14.17 dB higher, lateral and axial resolution at 2.88 times and 1.88 times, respectively, which were compared with those of B-mode active cavitation mapping. MVCS beamformer had only 14.94% time penalty of that of MVCF beamformer. This 3D-UPACM technique employs the linear array of a current ultrasound diagnosis system rather than a 2D array transducer to decrease the cost of the instrument. Moreover, although the application is limited by the requirement for a gassy fluid medium or a constant supply of new cavitation nuclei that allows replenishment of nuclei between HIFU exposures, this technique may exhibit a useful tool in 3D cavitation mapping for HIFU with high speed, precision and resolution, especially in a laboratory environment where more careful analysis may be required under controlled conditions. (C) 2016 Elsevier B.V. All rights reserved.