Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient
Measuring empathy: reliability and validity of the Empathy Quotient
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DOI：
10.1017/s0033291703001624
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发表时间：
2004-07-01
影响因子：
6.9
通讯作者：
David, AS
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Lawrence, EJ;Shaw, P;David, AS
背景。共情在社会理解中起着关键作用，但其实证测量被证明是困难的。同理心商数（EQ）是一种自我报告量表，旨在做到这一点。这一系列的四项研究检验了情商的信度和效度，并确定了情商的因素结构。在研究1中，53人完成了情商、社会期望量表（SDS）和非语言心理状态推断测试——眼睛任务。在研究2中，对110名健康个体和62名人格解体（DPD）患者的数据进行主成分分析（PCA）。大约一年后，研究3涉及情商（n = 24）和人际反应指数（IRI, n = 28）的重新管理。在最后一项研究中，研究人员对DPD患者的情商得分进行了深入调查。DPD是一种主观缺乏同理心的疾病。眼睛任务和情商之间存在关联，只有三个情商项目与SDS相关。主成分分析揭示了三个因素：(1)“认知共情”；(2)“情绪反应”和(3)“社交技能”。重测信度较好，且情商与IRI量表之间存在中等程度的关联，提示存在并发效度。DPD患者并未表现出全面的同理心缺陷，但他们的社交能力较差。情商是一个有效的、可靠的量表，不同的子量表可能有临床应用。
Background. Empathy plays a key role in social understanding, but its empirical measurement has proved difficult. The Empathy Quotient (EQ) is a self-report scale designed to do just that. This series of four studies examined the reliability and validity of the EQ and determined its factor structure.Method. In Study 1, 53 people completed the EQ, Social Desirability Scale (SDS) and a non-verbal mental state inference test, the Eyes Task. In Study 2, a principal components analysis (PCA) was conducted on data from 110 healthy individuals and 62 people reporting depersonalisation (DPD). Approximately I year later, Study 3, involved the re-administration of the EQ (n = 24) along with the Interpersonal Reactivity Index (IRI; n = 28). In the last study, the EQ scores of those with DPD, a condition that includes a subjective lack of empathy, were examined in depth.Results. An association was found between the Eyes task and EQ, and only three EQ items correlated with the SDS. PCA revealed three factors: (1) 'cognitive empathy'; (2) 'emotional reactivity', and (3) 'social skills'. Test-retest reliability was good and moderate associations were found between the EQ and IRI subscales, suggesting concurrent validity. People with DPD did not show a global empathy deficit, but reported less social competence.Conclusions. The EQ is a valid, reliable scale and the different subscales may have clinical applications.