Can an angry woman get ahead? Status conferral, gender, and expression of emotion in the workplace
Can an angry woman get ahead? Status conferral, gender, and expression of emotion in the workplace
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愤怒的女人能出人头地吗？ 职场中的地位赋予、性别和情绪表达
DOI：
10.1111/j.1467-9280.2008.02079.x
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发表时间：
2008-03-01
影响因子：
8.2
通讯作者：
Uhlmann, Eric Luis
中科院分区：
文献类型：
--
作者：
Brescoll, Victoria L.;Uhlmann, Eric Luis
三项研究调查了愤怒、性别和地位之间的关系。与之前的研究一样，在职业环境中表达愤怒的男性比表达悲伤的男性被赋予更高的地位。然而，男性和女性评估者都认为愤怒的女性专业人士的地位低于愤怒的男性专业人士。无论目标的实际职业级别如何，情况都是如此，例如，如果女性受训人员和女性首席执行官表达愤怒，她们的地位都会低于没有表达愤怒的女性。女性的情绪反应被归因于内在特征（例如，“她是个易怒的人”，“她失控了”），而男性的情绪反应被归因于外部环境。为目标人的愤怒提供一个外部归因消除了性别偏见。讨论了理论意义和实际应用。
Three studies examined the relationships among anger, gender, and status conferral. As in prior research, men who expressed anger in a professional context were conferred higher status than men who expressed sadness. However, both male and female evaluators conferred lower status on angry female professionals than on angry male professionals. This was the case regardless of the actual occupational rank of the target, such that both a female trainee and a female CEO were given lower status if they expressed anger than if they did not. Whereas women's emotional reactions were attributed to internal characteristics (e.g., "she is an angry person," "she is out of control"), men's emotional reactions were attributed to external circumstances. Providing an external attribution for the target person's anger eliminated the gender bias. Theoretical implications and practical applications are discussed.