Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content
Identifying Behavioral Strategies of Visually Impaired Users to Improve Access to Web Content
复制标题
识别视障用户的行为策略以改善对 Web 内容的访问
DOI：
10.1145/1952388.1952390
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发表时间：
2011
期刊：
影响因子：
--
通讯作者：
S. Bechhofer
中科院分区：
文献类型：
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作者：
D. Lunn;S. Harper;S. Bechhofer
万维网是一种主要的视觉媒体，用于呈现和传播信息。因此，通过音频交互访问内容的视障用户受到阻碍，因为Web的设计没有考虑到他们的需求。为了弥补这一点，视障用户制定行为策略，以科普访问内容变得具有挑战性时。虽然存在帮助视障用户访问Web的工具，但它们往往侧重于调整内容以满足设备而不是用户的需求。因此，为了进一步改善Web访问的行为策略的用户采用的理解是必要的。为了实现这一目标，11视障网络用户进行了研究。从这些会议的数据进行了分析，以制定一个框架，确定用户可能会采用的策略，当他们面临访问内容的困难。从一项独立的研究中获得的20个视障用户的数据，该框架进行了验证，并显示出足够的灵活性和准确性，适用于多个数据源。从框架中确定的应对策略的分析，揭示了六个抽象的应对模式。这些模式被用作开发行为驱动代码转换的基础，通过允许用户通过一组一致的按键在页面的关键元素之间导航，将静态Web文档转换为交互式内容。从用户评价的转码支持使用行为驱动的转码作为一种机制，用于改善访问Web内容相比，现有的转码技术的结果。这一结果允许的应对策略框架被用作进一步理解视障用户在网站上使用的策略和所需的转换，让这些用户可以访问Web的基础。
The World Wide Web is a predominantly visual media for presenting and disseminating information. As such, visually impaired users, who access content through audio interaction, are hindered as the Web is not designed with their needs in mind. To compensate for this, visually impaired users develop behavioral strategies to cope when access to the content becomes challenging. While tools exist to aid visually impaired users in accessing the Web, they tend to focus on adapting content to meet the needs of the device rather than the user. Therefore, to further improve Web access an understanding of the behavioral strategies users employ is required. To achieve this, studies of eleven visually impaired Web users were conducted. The data from these sessions were analyzed to develop a framework for identifying strategies that users may employ when they face difficulties accessing the content. Using data for twenty visually impaired users obtained from an independent study, the framework was validated and shown to be flexible and accurate enough to be applicable to multiple data sources. An analysis of the coping strategies identified from the framework revealed six abstract patterns of coping. These patterns were used as the basis for developing behavior-driven transcoding that transformed static Web documents into interactive content by allowing users to navigate between key elements of the page through a consistent set of key presses. Results obtained from a user evaluation of the transcoding support the use of behavior-driven transcoding as a mechanism for improving access to Web content when compared to existing transcoding techniques. This result allows the coping strategies framework to be used as a foundation for further understanding of the strategies visually impaired users employ on Web sites and the transformations required to allow the Web to be accessible to those users.